The growth and development of cowpeas (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i>) under tropical field conditions

Littleton, E. J.; Dennett, M. D.; Elston, J.; Monteith, J. L.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600036868

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The maximum rates of photosynthesis observed here of c. 20 umol/m 2 /s are lower than those reported for cv. TVX4552 by Littleton et al (1981) and lie at the bottom of the range 21-38 umol/m 2 /s for maximum rates of photosynthesis reported in 31 cowpea genotypes by Lush & Rawson (1979). No significant differences were observed between the cultivars, due probably to the generally favourable soil moisture status in 1986.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Growth, yield and plant-water relations of four cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cultivars in the Sahel

Sivakumar¹,

Ntare²,

Roberts³

1996

J. Agric. Sci.

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The response of four cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) cultivars to the warm, semi-arid tropical environment at the ICRISAT Sahelian Center at Sadore, Niger was studied during 1985 and 1986 in terms of leaf area index (LAI), dry matter (DM) accumulation, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, total water use and yield. Among the three improved cultivars, IT82D-716 is early and erect, cv. IT83S-947 is early and spreading and cv. TVX4659-03E is a medium-duration, highyielding, dual-purpose type. The local cv. Sadore Local is a long-duration, photosensitive, spreading type used mainly for fodder. In both years, Sadore Local recorded the highest LAI. IT82D-716 and IT83S-947 produced < 1-3 t/ha of DM in both years, whereas TVX 4659-03E produced > 2 t/ha of DM and proved superior to Sadore Local in partitioning DM into pods. The four cultivars did not differ significantly either in stomatal conductance or in net phytosynthetic rates. Observed maximum photosynthetic rates of c. 20 umol/m 2 /s lie at the bottom of the range 21-38 umol/m 2 /s reported for 31 cowpea genotypes in an earlier study. Photosynthetic rates increased with increasing photon flux density. TVX4659-03E had an advantage in total seed plus fodder yields while the local cultivar gave significantly greater fodder yields in both years. Seed and fodder yields, as well as water-use efficiency, confirmed the advantages offered by the dual-purpose cultivar TVX4659-03E. Future breeding efforts in the Sahel should focus on dual-purpose (grain/fodder) cowpea types.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Growth, yield and plant-water relations of four cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cultivars in the Sahel

Sivakumar¹,

Ntare²,

Roberts³

1996

J. Agric. Sci.

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“…1993, Pengelly et al. 1999), 0.8–1.05 g MJ −1 for cowpea (Littleton et al. 1979, Muchow 1985, Muchow et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For other cool-season grain legumes, RUE values of 0.92-1.29 g MJ )1 for fababean (Thomson andSiddique 1997, Turpin et al 2002), 0.74-1.5 g MJ )1 for lentil (McKenzie and Hill 1991, Thomson and Siddique 1997) and 0.91-1.46 g MJ )1 for field pea (Heath andHebblethwaite 1985, Thomson andSiddique 1997) have been reported. For warm-season grain legumes, these values have been reported as 0.88-1.20 g MJ )1 for soya bean (Nakaseko and Gotoh 1983, Muchow et al 1993, Pengelly et al 1999), 0.8-1.05 g MJ )1 for cowpea (Littleton et al 1979, Muchow 1985, Muchow et al 1993) and 0.8-0.94 g MJ )1 for mungbean (Muchow 1985, Muchow et al 1993. Thus, RUE of chickpea falls in the range of other grain legumes.…”

Section: Radiation Use Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 95%

Modelling Biomass Accumulation and Partitioning in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Soltani¹,

Robertson²,

Rahemi-Karizaki³

et al. 2006

J Agronomy Crop Science

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Quantitative information regarding biomass accumulation and partitioning in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is limited or inconclusive. The objective of this study was to obtain baseline values for extinction coefficient (K S ), radiation use efficiency (RUE, g MJ )1 ) and biomass partitioning coefficients of chickpea crops grown under well-watered conditions. The stability of these parameters during the crop life cycle and under different environmental and growth conditions, caused by season and sowing date and density, were also evaluated. Two field experiments, each with three sowing dates and four plant densities, were conducted during 2002-2004. Crop leaf area index, light interception and crop biomass were measured between emergence and maturity. A K S value of 0.5 was obtained. An average RUE of 1 g MJ )1 was obtained. Plant density had no effect on RUE, but some effects of temperature were detected. There was no effect of solar radiation or vapour pressure deficit on RUE when RUE values were corrected for the effect of temperature. RUE was constant during the whole crop cycle. A biphasic pattern was found for biomass partitioning between leaves and stems before first-seed stage. At lower levels of total dry matter, 54 % of biomass produced was allocated to leaves, but at higher levels of total dry matter, i.e. under favourable and prolonged conditions for vegetative growth, this portion decreased to 28 %. During the period from first-pod to first-seed, 60 % of biomass produced went to stems, 27 % to pods and 13 % to leaves. During the period from first-seed to maturity, 83 % of biomass was partitioned to pods. It was concluded that using fixed partitioning coefficients after first-seed are not as effective as they are before this stage. Environmental conditions (temperature and solar radiation) and plant density did not affect partitioning of biomass.

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“…This synchronization may be due to the correlation between development of leaf area and leaf dry weight. Studies of leaf area expansion have shown that under nonstress conditions each leaf has a well defined growth rate, which is a function of temperature (HoFSTRA et al 1977, DENNETT et al 1980, LITTLETON et al 1979. The area of single leaves is maximum at mid-position of the plant therefore the expansion of these leaves coincided with maximum rates of dry matter accumulation mid-July.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Patterns of Early Maturing Maize Cultivars

Stamp¹

1987

J Agronomy Crop Science

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Growth patterns of two early maturing maize cultivars were analyzed, harvesting shoots twice weekly in 1983. Until the end of leaf expansion the leaf dry matter accumulation was highly synchronized in both hybrids. After a short cessation leaf dry weight accumulation was resumed at low to medium rates during the main part of August, during September losses prevailed. During these two months fluctuations in rates were frequent and synchronisation between genotypes small. For stems no transitory cessation of dry matter accumulation occurred; synchronisation between genotypes and fluctuation in rates were less than observed for leaf dry matter accumulation. Losses in stem dry weight mostly coincided with rapid ear growth. Ear dry weight accumulation steeply increased during the first three weeks of August. Fluctuations in rates were large during the following 30 days of rapid growth. This period ended by a sharp dechne in rates. Phosphofructokinase activity of upper leaves was maximum in early July followed by a first minimum shortly before anthesis; thereafter the average activity did not change much. The hybrid with higher initial shoot growth rates had a higher phosphofructokinase activity at the same time.

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The growth and development of cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata) under tropical field conditions

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Growth, yield and plant-water relations of four cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cultivars in the Sahel

Growth, yield and plant-water relations of four cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cultivars in the Sahel

Modelling Biomass Accumulation and Partitioning in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Growth Patterns of Early Maturing Maize Cultivars

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