The growth and morphology of silver whiskers

Ohachi, T.; Taniguchi, I.

doi:10.1016/0022-0248(74)90336-4

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The structure of silver wires and curls has first been described more than 100 years ago. Mügge 1 , for instance, studied the longitudinally oriented contours on the surface of silver curls which have also been described in the seventies as bundles 13 . Mügge 1 further suggested that such contours are related to filaments which grew in a kind of liquid and then transformed into a crystalline solid by keeping their original shape.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructural Insights into Natural Silver Wires

Boellinghaus

Lüders

Nolze

2018

Sci Rep

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Due to the increasing global demand for pure silver, native wire silver aggregates in very high purities are gaining more industrial attention. Up to the present, no substantial metallurgical investigation of natural wire silver exists in the accessible literature. To convey urgently needed cross-disciplinary fundamental knowledge for geoscientists and metallurgical engineers, twenty natural wire silver specimens from eight different ore deposits have been investigated in detail for the first time by EBSD (Electron Back Scattering Diffraction), supported by light microscopy and micro-probe analyses. The improved understanding of the natural silver wire microstructure provides additional information regarding the growth of natural silver aggregates in comparison to undesired artificial growth on electronic devices. Clear evidence is provided that natural silver curls and hairs exhibit a polycrystalline face-centered cubic microstructure associated with significant twinning. Although the investigated natural wire silver samples have relatively high purity (Ag > 99.7 wt.-%), they contain a variety of trace elements such as, S, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, Co and Bi, As and Sb. Additionally, Vickers micro-hardness measurements are provided for the first time which revealed that natural silver wires and curls are softer than it might be expected from conversion of the general Mohs hardness of 2.7.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nucleation of silver curls and their longitudinal contours have been discussed in the late seventies 13 as a result of the surface roughness of the substrate, in this case acanthite.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Insights into Natural Silver Wires

Boellinghaus

Lüders

Nolze

2018

Sci Rep

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“…The remaining and most plausible mechanism for iron whisker formation is growth from a solid substrate that is supersaturated with cations, as proposed for the metallic whisker growth in sulfides or oxides [44][45][46] . This inference is supported by the fact that the iron whisker growth appears to be associated with the progressive irradiation-damage, given the lack of whiskers on troilite with minor damage 16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron whiskers on asteroid Itokawa indicate sulfide destruction by space weathering

et al. 2020

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Extraterrestrial iron sulfide is a major mineral reservoir of the cosmochemically and astrobiologically important elements iron and sulfur. Sulfur depletion on asteroids is a longstanding, yet unresolved phenomenon that is of fundamental importance for asteroid evolution and sulfur delivery to the Earth. Understanding the chemistry of such environments requires insight into the behavior of iron sulfides exposed to space. Here we show that troilite (FeS) grains recovered from the regolith of asteroid 25143 Itokawa have lost sulfur during long-term space exposure. We report the widespread occurrence of metallic iron whiskers as a decomposition product formed through irradiation of the sulfide by energetic ions of the solar wind. Whisker growth by ion irradiation is a novel and unexpected aspect of space weathering. It implies that sulfur loss occurs rapidly and, furthermore, that ion irradiation plays an important role in the redistribution of sulfur between solids and gas of the interstellar medium.

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“…Experimental data analysis [6,[9][10][11] has shown that there are no singular points of the physical properties in the composition dependencies for these compounds with the exception of composition dependencies of the chemical potential (the coulometric titration curves) [9]. There is quantitative coincidence of the salient points of the experimental dependencies with the inflection points of the titration curves.…”

Section: Ag2+~e/vacuummentioning

confidence: 93%

Electrical studies of surface reconstruction resulting from chalcogen evaporation at the Ag2±δX/Vacuum interface (X=S, Se)X/Vacuum interface (X=S, Se)

Nadolsky¹,

Krzhivitskaya

Matkina³

et al. 2000

Ionics

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Abstract.We have investigated the dissociation rates of nonstoichiometric semiconductors Ag2+_sX (X = S, Se) to the vacuum by means of solid-state electrochemical technique. The values of chalcogen fluxes from the sample's surface were measured versus compound's composition and temperature. There has been obtained experimental evidence of the surface reconstruction of silver chalcogenides when the exact phase composition 8~r.(T) is reached. This critical value 5or. correlates with the order-disorder transition in the silver sublattice for the Ag2• interface.

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The growth and morphology of silver whiskers

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Microstructural Insights into Natural Silver Wires

Microstructural Insights into Natural Silver Wires

Iron whiskers on asteroid Itokawa indicate sulfide destruction by space weathering

Electrical studies of surface reconstruction resulting from chalcogen evaporation at the Ag2±δX/Vacuum interface (X=S, Se)X/Vacuum interface (X=S, Se)

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