The growth and regeneration of the tail of the frog larva

Harrison, Ross

doi:10.1007/bf02161494

Cited by 57 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Furthermore, the results presented here show that axons do not grow to the nearest available skin in a strict rostrocaudal order, with axons being towed distally, away from the dorsal midline, by skin movements, as originally proposed by Harrison (1899). Earlier observations by Taylor (1943) in the frog cast doubt on this mechanism; he noted that some axons grew for long distances in the limb before contacting the periphery.…”

Section: Development Of Dermatomesmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…There were two apparent differences between dermatomes in St. 29 ./o,0,-\ DEVELOPMENT OF DERMATOMES nearby thigh skin and are then towed to their distal fields on the shank and foot by skin movements as the limb develops (Harrison, 1899).…”

Section: Physiological Mapping Of Dermatomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The developmental origin of this segmental pattern of skin sensory innervation has been the subject of speculation for nearly a century (Sherrington, 1893;Harrison, 1899;Keegan & Garrett, 1948;Cole et al 1968; Dykes & Terzis, 1981;Diamond, 1982), but there are few experimental studies on the development of dermatomes. Recently Honig (1982) has shown that from their earliest outgrowth skin sensory axons from the three most rostral lumbosacral d.r.g.s in the chick project through the hind limb along precise pathways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The development of the segmental pattern of skin sensory innervation in embryonic chick hind limb

Scott

1982

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The development of dermatomes in the chick hind limb was investigated with both electrophysiological recording from and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labelling of neurones in lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia (d.r.g.s). The embryonic stages studied spanned the period before and after cell death.2. In mature embryos, after the bulk of cell death, physiological mapping showed that the location ofthe dermatome ofeach d.r.g. is consistent from embryo to embryo. HRP studies showed that axons from each d.r.g. project through the limb to the skin via a characteristic set of nerve trunks. Both the dermatomes and axonal projection pathways of adjacent d.r.g.s partially overlap one another, producing an orderly progression in the location of dermatomes and projection pathways along and within the limb, respectively.3. In younger embryos, before cell death, the location and amount of overlap of dermatomes, as well as the axonal projection pathways, are similar to the mature pattern. D.r.g.s that innervate distal skin on the shank and foot in mature embryos do not project out cutaneous nerve trunks in the thigh or contact nearby skin on the thigh at earlier stages.4. Axons from a single d.r.g. initially contact the skin at one or more characteristic spots; the dermatomes then enlarge, adding fine axonal branches.5. Carbon-marking experiments showed that there are no large distal migrations of skin on the limb during the stages studied.6. Together these findings show that dermatomes on the chick hind limb do not develop by skin sensory axons simply growing to the nearest available skin, nor are axons towed to their final location by skin movements. Moreover, dermatomes are not shaped by cell death and the elimination of random or excessive axonal projections in the limb or the skin. It appears that skin sensory axons from each d.r.g. grow directly to their target skin along a defined set of pathways and establish their dermatome precisely at its characteristic location.

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Section: Development Of Dermatomesmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Physiological Mapping Of Dermatomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The development of the segmental pattern of skin sensory innervation in embryonic chick hind limb

Scott

1982

The Journal of Physiology

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“…The question of how complex patterns of innervation, such as the pattern of skin sensory innervation on the vertebrate limb, are established during embryonic development has been the subject of speculation for nearly a century (Sherrington, 1893;Harrison, 1899;Diamond, 1982). Recent studies have shown that sensory appeared to be severely depleted, and the spinal cord and ventral roots appeared to be grossly normal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of neural crest deletions on the development of sensory innervation patterns in embryonic chick hind limb.

Scott¹

1984

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Selected lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia (d.r.g.s) were eliminated from chick embryos by removing the parent neural crest, and the dermatomes and axonal projection patterns established in the hind limb by the remaining intact d.r.g.s were studied physiologically and/or anatomically.2. Dermatomes of intact d.r.g.s expanded into denervated skin regions, partially but never completely replacing the lost innervation; some skin regions consistently remained without apparent innervation.3. Dermatome expansion was detected in young embryos, soon after skin innervation was established, suggesting that skin sensory axons in operated embryos ignored their usual dermatome borders.4. The axonal pathways (nerve trunks) normally supplied by axons from the deleted d.r.g.s were missing, and axons from intact d.r.g.s were only rarely found in aberrant pathways. In contrast, the relative distribution of axons from intact d.r.g.s within their usual complement of pathways was altered, with axonal projections shifting toward, but not into the deleted pathways.5. Shifts in axonal projection patterns were observed in embryos prior to the onset of sensory cell death. Thus, d.r.g. deletions appeared to affect the initial growth of axons into the limb.6. Together these results suggest that during normal development competitive interactions among axons from neighbouring d.r.g.s play an important role in establishing the borders between dermatomes and in determining the distribution of axons within projection pathways in the limb.

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“…These facts were demonstrated early by Harrison (1898) in grafting experiments on frog embryos of different species. By replacing the tail bud and posterior end of the body of one embryo with similar parts from another embryo, Harrison obtained chimeras composed partly of Rana pipiens and partly of R. palustris.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

The establishment of tissue specificity in tadpoles of Hyla regilla

Harris

1941

J. Exp. Zool.

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The growth and regeneration of the tail of the frog larva

Cited by 57 publications

References 20 publications

The development of the segmental pattern of skin sensory innervation in embryonic chick hind limb

The development of the segmental pattern of skin sensory innervation in embryonic chick hind limb

The effects of neural crest deletions on the development of sensory innervation patterns in embryonic chick hind limb.

The establishment of tissue specificity in tadpoles of Hyla regilla

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