Survival and growth of newly settled oysters were measured at sub-and mtertidal treatment levels during the first month of post-settlement life in the York River, Virginia, USA. Controlled settlement of hatchery-reared larvae m the laboratory and image analysis techniques allowed for individual oysters grown in the field to be tracked through time. High mortality occurred within 1 wk postsettlement at all tidal heights m 3 experiments which spanned the natural recruitment period. This imtial mortality strongly influenced later abundance, as weekly mortality rates decreased sharply after 2 wk. Additionally, all recruits were eliminated from the mid-intertidal zone and above (>25 % aerial exposure) during high temperature periods. Only in autumn did recruitment occur in the mtertidal area occupied by natural oyster populations. In contrast, low intertidal and subtidal populations persisted through the month long experiments where adult oysters were rare Growth (shell area) of intertidal oysters exposed >25 % was reduced relative to more immersed oysters. Density-dependent growth was not observed While the natural oyster population appeared to b e relegated to the suboptimum mtertidal, successful recruitment to this zone was limited on a seasonal basis by lethal air temperatures >30°C The mortality agents which structure the mtertidal population affect recently settled and juvenile oysters