The growth hormone signaling system: Insights into coordinating the anabolic and catabolic actions of growth hormone

Dietary sodium heptanoate helps to improve feed efficiency, growth hormone status and swimming performance in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

“…This becomes of particular relevance in warm‐water farmed fish, such as gilthead sea bream, that show a pronounced seasonality in growth rates and perhaps metabolic capabilities. This is clearly evidenced by the circulating patterns of hormones of the GH/prolactin/somatolactin family, which work through specific receptors and/or dimers of heterodimers of different subtypes of GH and prolactin receptors to regulate growth‐promoting and metabolic actions (Bergan‐Roller & Sheridan, ; Pérez‐Sánchez et al., ; Saera‐Vila, Calduch‐Giner, & Pérez‐Sánchez, ) in combination with other endocrine pathways.…”

“…GH is also a major multifactorial endocrine regulator that orchestrates several aspects of growth, osmoregulation, stress, immune status or feeding behaviour, although one of the most studied and demonstrated functions is also related to metabolism (Bergan‐Roller & Sheridan, ). Previous studies in rodents and other animal models have proved that this growth‐promoting hormone may be localized in the mitochondria, where it may serve to regulate cellular metabolism and ROS production (Ardail et al., ).…”

Short‐term physiological role of thyroxine administration on plasma metabolites and growth performance of Sterlet sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus

“…In tilapia spp., T3 and T2 are both able to stimulate somatic growth at least in part via increased hepatic production of insulin‐like growth factor (Navarrete‐Ramírez et al, ). Thyroid hormone, however, may interact with other hormones to regulate fish growth (Brown et al, ; Farbridge & Leatherland, ) and in some species can stimulate synthesis and secretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland (Bergan‐Roller & Sheridan, ). The present study did not examine T2, but plasma T3 and T4 levels were elevated within 4 days of T4 injection at the low (T 1 ) and high (T 10 ) doses indicating, as expected, the rapid transformation of T4 into T3.…”

“…In tilapia spp., T3 TA B L E 1 Growth performance and feed utilization of Sterlet sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus at the start of the trial and 60 days following injection with different doses of thyroxine including 0 (control; C), 1 (T 1 ) and 10 (T 10 ) mg thyroxine per kg body weight and T2 are both able to stimulate somatic growth at least in part via increased hepatic production of insulin-like growth factor (Navarrete-Ramírez et al, 2014). Thyroid hormone, however, may interact with other hormones to regulate fish growth (Brown et al, 2014;Farbridge & Leatherland, 1988) and in some species can stimulate synthesis and secretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland (Bergan-Roller & Sheridan, 2018). The present study did not examine T2, but plasma T3 and T4 levels were elevated F I G U R E 2 Plasma cholesterol (a), triglyceride (b), total protein (c), albumin (d) and glucose (e) levels (average ± SE; n = 6 for each group) in female Sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus) injected with different doses of thyroxine (0, C; 1, T 1; and 10, T 10 mg thyroxine per kg BW).…”

Genomic structure and molecular characterization of growth hormone and its expression response to different feed types in golden pompanoTrachinotus ovatus(Linnaeus, 1758)

“…Growth hormone (GH) belongs to the typical class‐I helical cytokine superfamily and is mainly synthesized, stored and secreted by the pituitary gland (Li, Gao, Ji, & Zhang, ). Through its binding with specific cytokine family receptors located in the membrane of target cells, GH plays a key role in many physiological processes and other functions including immune regulation (Batista, Figueiredo, Almeida, Romano, & Marins, ), somatic growth (Duan et al., ; Feng et al., ; Hobbs & Fletcher, ), host defence (Duan et al., ), reproduction (Chen et al., ; Figueiredo et al., ; Ma et al., ; Zhou, Yu, & Ge, ), food intake and energy metabolism (Bergan, Kittilson, & Sheridan, ; Bergan‐Roller & Sheridan, ; Sugiyama et al., ; Zhong et al., ) and stress resistance (Mohammed‐Geba et al., ) in fish. It is known that the pituitary‐specific transcription factor Pit‐1 is required for normal pituitary development and GH gene expression by binding to AT‐rich cis elements in the GH promoter (Massah et al., ).…”