The growth of lambs before and after birth in relation to the level of nutrition

Wallace, L. R.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600005396

Cited by 229 publications

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“…The interbreed similarity in the shape of the lactation curve concurs with the work of Hunter (1957) and of Slen, Clark, and Hironkaka (1963), although Bonsma (1939) and Wallace (1948) indicate considerable breed differences, there being more pronounced peaks in the higher-yielding breeds. Although the production peaks occur earlier than reported by Barnicoat et al (1949Barnicoat et al ( , 1957, Hunter (1957), andOwen (1957), they are comparable to those of Coombe et al (1960) and Moore (1966).…”

Section: Shape Of the Lactation Curvesupporting

confidence: 85%

Lactation performances of Romney, Corriedale, and Merino ewes in a tussock grassland environment

Scales¹

1968

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Milk yields and milk composition of three-year-old Romney, Corriedale, and Merino ewes rearing single lambs in a tussock grassland environment were compared. Mating was synchronised in order to concentrate lambing.The interbreed differences in milk yields as measured by the oxytocin technique were small and non-significant. Yields express.ed in ml/h for a 12 week lactation were: Romneys, 54.3; Corriedales, 56.8; and Merinos, 52.7.Diurnal fluctuations in milk yields were of the order of 8--10%. No significant differences between breeds were apparent.No breed differences in solids-not-fat percentages were evident, although Romney fat percentages in the second half of lactation were significantly higher than those of the Merinos (P < 0.01) and Corriedales (P < 0.05). l.amb growth was highly correlated to fat intake in the Romneys but not in the other breeds. The regression of growth rate on S.N.F. was significant (P < 0.01) for all breeds.The 0.59 lb/day Romney and 0.62 lb/day Corriedale growth rates for a 0-12 week lactation period were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than the 0.53 lb/day growth rate of the Merino lambs. Highly significant correlations were obtained in all breeds between milk yields and lamb growth rates in the first six weeks of lactation. Merino lambs were less efficient (P < 0.01) in converting milk to live weight gain than their Romney or Corriedale counterparts.The regression of Merino growth rate and weaning weight on birth weight was highly significant. The regression of weaning weight on birth weight in the Romneys and Corriedales was significant (P < 0.05), although no growth rate relationship was evident.Ewe live weight, ante partum, was not related to milk yields in any breed.

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Section: Shape Of the Lactation Curvesupporting

confidence: 85%

Lactation performances of Romney, Corriedale, and Merino ewes in a tussock grassland environment

Scales¹

1968

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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“…Classic studies on domestic species have demonstrated that growth follows a centripetal pattern caused by waves of high growth intensity commencing in distal parts of body extremities and converging along the back line towards the pelvic region (Hammond 1932, Hammond 1940, McMeekan 1940, Walker 1964). This pattern is described as a change in timing of differentially declining growth rates of specific parts of the body (Wallace 1948), which explain the progress of the proximodistal-distoproximal pattern in the limbs, and craniocaudal-cranionasal pattern in the axial skeleton (Hammond 1940, McMeekan 1940, Davies et al 1984. Differences in timing for maturation and growth intensity in various organs seem to be associated with their functional importance both in pre-and post natal life (Wenham and Pennie 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differences in timing for maturation and growth intensity in various organs seem to be associated with their functional importance both in pre-and post natal life (Wenham and Pennie 1986). Although species differences occur (Hammond 1940, Davies et al 1984, the general pattern applies to most large mammals and tissues over the entire ontogenetic process (Wallace 1948).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships in red deerCervus elaphus mandibles

Langvatn¹,

Mysterud

Stenseth

2004

Acta Theriol

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2004. Relationships in red deer Cervus elaphus mandibles. Acta Theriologica 49: 527-542.Growth in mammals often implies differences in body proportions and tissue development more or less characteristic for different age periods and ontogenetic stages. Mouth morphology is an important functional trait in herbivores, as it may determine both maximal intake rate and possibly level of selectivity. An untested hypothesis is that since individual bones within the skeleton are retarded in growth and development in proportion to their growth intensity at each time interval during periods of restricted nutritional supply, this may potentially affect ultimate skeletal proportions. We analysed data on mandible proportions (anterior:total) of 62 fetuses collected at different stages of growth and 16 776 red deer Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758 hinds from 0 to 26 years of age and 24026 males from 0 to 22 years of age harvested during autumns 1965-2001 along the west coast of Norway. At the fetal stage, the mandible proportion was negatively related to body weight and, therefore, declined with age of the fetus. The anterior part of the mandible was initially longer than the posterior part; the mandible proportion was between 0.75-0.8 at the fetal stage, but declined with increasing age. The relationship between mandible proportion and weight was strong for calves, but decreased with increasing age, and the relationship was almost flat when reaching 5 years of age. From 5 years, the anterior and posterior part of the mandible was approximately equal in length and this mandible proportion (0.50-0.51), which was unrelated to weight, remained stable for the rest of the life in both hinds and stags. After they were fully-grown, early conditions (cohort density and climate as measured by the North Atlantic Oscillation) had no measurable effect on ultimate mandible proportions after the effect of body weight was removed.

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“…Apart from studies on pregnancy toxaemia (Gill & Thomson, 1954;Blaxter, 1957;Reid, 1960) most of the research on ewe nutrition has been devoted to examining the effects of different levels of energy in late pregnancy on lamb birth weights, live weight gain and thc associated milk production of the ewe (Wallace, 1948;Thomson & Thomson, 1949;Guyer & Dyer, 1954;Peart, 1967;Treacher, 1970)..In many of these studies the ewes were fed ad lib. post partum.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of perinatal undernutrition of twin-bearing ewes on milk yields and lamb performance and the effects of postnatal nutrition on live weight gain and carcass composition

Lawlor¹,

Hopkins²

1981

Br J Nutr

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1. Studies were conducted to measure the influence of perinatal undernutrition of twin-bearing ewes on ewe milk yields and lamb performance in early lactation. Comparative studies were conducted with lambs to measure the effects of postnatal nutrition on lamb performance and carcass composition. The major objective of this work was to determine the extent of the influence of postnatal nutritional deprivation of lambs.2. From 8 weeks prepartum to 4 weeks postpartum each of forty twin-bearing ewes was given daily 0.30 MJ of m/kg body-weight (W)076. Measurements were made of ewe body-weight changes, milk yields during the first 4 weeks of lactation, and of lamb performance.3. There were three postnatal experiments with lambs of 'light' and 'normal' birth weights, wcaned from the ewes at 72 h. One hundred and four lambs were used and they were individually reared on separate allowances of lamb milk-substitute for 8 weeks. They were subsequently given a lamb concentrate ration. In Expts 1 and 2 the lamb concentrate was fed ad lib. to 'slaughter' live weight. In Expt 3 the concentrate was restricted for 8 weeks post weaning and then fed ud lib. A carcass analysis (bone, muscle, fat content) was conducted on all lambs after slaughter. In the first experiment, half the lambs were slaughtered at 8 weeks of age on being weaned off the milk substitute, and a carcass analysis was carried out.4. The mean net body-weight loss per ewe from commencement of late pregnancy to 28 d post partum was 23.8 kg. The over-all mean daily milk yield was 843 g/d. The mean growth rate of the lambs was 97 g/d during the 4-week measurement of ewe milk yields.5. Live weight gain of lambs subjected to restricted milk-substitute allowance (125 g/dry matter (DM) per d) was low, irrespective of lamb birth weight. The average daily gain over the %week postnatal period was 865 g/d on restricted milk allowance compared with 244 g/d for those fed ad lib. Conversely, the food intake and growth rate of these lambs were almost identical during feeding on ad lib. concentrates. This clearly reflected a response to compensatory food intake which was independent of either birth weight or postnatal milk allowance. The average daily gain of lambs, before weaning, on the restricted milk allowance was very similar to that of the lambs being suckled by ewes subjected to perinatal undernutrition. The effects of postnatal undernutrition of lambs was particularly reflected in the time required to reach 'slaughter' live weight. The period of time vaned from 117 d for those on od lib. food intake to 169 d for lambs on restricted food intake.6. The major effect of postnatal undernutrition on carcass composition was evident in the lambs slaughtered at 8 weeks in Expt I. The percentage carcass fat was 4.7 for those on the low milk allowance. The carcass composition of all lambs at 'slaughter' live weight was similar. It would appear that lambs on a restricted milk intake before weaning deposited more fat during the subsequent period of compensatory food intake.7. It is ev...

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The growth of lambs before and after birth in relation to the level of nutrition

Abstract: SUMMARYIn presenting the results of these investigations, we have attempted to discuss in each section the findings that have been described, and here we will merely be concerned with summarizing the major points that have emerged.

Cited by 229 publications

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Lactation performances of Romney, Corriedale, and Merino ewes in a tussock grassland environment

Lactation performances of Romney, Corriedale, and Merino ewes in a tussock grassland environment

Relationships in red deerCervus elaphus mandibles

The influence of perinatal undernutrition of twin-bearing ewes on milk yields and lamb performance and the effects of postnatal nutrition on live weight gain and carcass composition

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