The Growth, physiological and biochemical response of foxtail millet to atrazine herbicide

Abstract

Foxtail millet ( Pennisetum glaucum L.) is a vital crop that is planted as food and fodder crop around the globe. There is only limited information is present for abiotic stresses on the physiological responses to atrazine. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different atrazine dosages on the growth, fluorescence and physiological parameters i.e., malonaldehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (H 2 O 2 and O 2 ) in the leaves to know the extent of atrazine on oxidative damage of foxtail millet. Our experiment consisted of 0, 2.5, 12.5, 22.5 and 32.5 (mg/kg) of labeled atrazine doses on 2 foxtaill millet varieties. High doses of atrazine significantly enhanced ROS and MDA synthesis in the plant leaves. Enzymes activities like ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD) activities enhanced, while catalase (CAD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities reduced with increasing atrazine concentrations. Finally atrazine doses at 32.5 mg/kg reduced chlorophyll contents, while chlorophyll (a/b) ratio also enhanced. Biomass, plant height, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, minimal and maximal fluorescence (Fo, Fm), maximum and actual quantum yield, photochemical quenching coefficient, and electron transport rate are decreased with increasing atrazine doses.

Growth Responses of Indonesian Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.) to Cadmium Stress

“…Plant growth is important parameter to evaluate the effect of abiotic stress (Sher et al, 2021). In this study plant growth were represented by some morphological factors including plant height, root length, number of leaves, and number of shoots.…”

Phytotoxicity Response of Lucern to Herbicide Atrazine in Soil

“…Mainly absorbed through plant roots and transported upward, it affects the photosynthetic process of plants, thereby producing excessive ROS, causing oxidative damage and poisoning non-target plants (Baxter et al, 2016). For instance, millet exhibited significant reductions in biomass and chlorophyll content after receiving atrazine (Sher et al, 2021). Atrazine has the capacity to impede the electron transport chain between electron acceptor protein and plastoquinone by competing with plastoquinone for binding site within photosynthetic center on the thylakoid membrane.…”

Identification and Comprehensive Evaluation of Resistant Weeds Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based Multispectral Imagery

“…Atrazine (chemical name: 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine) belongs to the S-triazine class of herbicides and blocks the electron flow between photosystems ( Foyer and Mullineaux, 1994 ). Atrazine herbicide can significantly reduce photosynthesis by reducing photosystem II ( Sher et al, 2021 ) and is a widely used herbicide in maize fields to control broadleaf and grassy weeds ( Williams et al, 2011 ). Its widespread use has also accelerated the evolution of weed resistance mechanisms ( Kelly et al, 1999 ; Williams et al, 2011 ; Perotti et al, 2020 ).…”

“…Field-based fast, accurate, and robust phenotyping methods are essential for atrazine-resistant weed investigation. Atrazine applications reduce the efficiency of the photosynthetic mechanism and affect chlorophyll and other pigments, which change the spectral reflectance of plants in the visible/near-infrared range ( Sher et al, 2021 ). Therefore, it is assumed that the spectral characteristics of susceptible weeds should show different pathways compared to resistant weeds after herbicide application.…”