The Gut-Brain-Axis on the Manifestation of Depressive Symptoms in Epilepsy: An Evidence-Driven Hypothesis

Shaikh, Mohd Farooq; Lee, Chooi Yeng; Chen, Win Ning; Shaikh, Faiz Ahmed

doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00465

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 98 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Gut dysbiosis is hypothesized to be linked with many disorders, both serious peripheric consequences (i.e., altered intestinal barrier and visceral pain) [ 11 , 59 ] and also at the central level (including depression, epilepsy, and pain) [ 60 ]. Thus, it is relevant to maintain and restore a “healthy” microbiome to manage or prevent chronic conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Chronic Oral Probiotic Treatment in Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathic Pain

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) represents one of the most prevalent and potentially disabling side effects due to the use of anticancer drugs, one of the primary neuropathies detected is peripheral neuropathy induced by administration of taxanes, including paclitaxel. It has been demonstrated that gut microbiota is crucial for the therapeutic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs for inhibiting tumor growth and contributed to the pathogenesis of the CIPN. The use of nutraceuticals has receiving growing attention from the research community due to their phytochemical, biological, and pharmacological properties. It has been demonstrated that probiotic formulations may both reduce inflammation and modulate the expression of pain receptors. Our studies tested the efficacy of a probiotic formulation, SLAB51, in preventing paclitaxel-induced neuropathy. Interestingly, our probiotic formulation was able to keep the gut integrity, preserving its functionality, in CIPN-mice, moreover, it prevented the mechanical and cold hypersensitivity induced in paclitaxel-mice. Additionally, ex-vivo analysis showed that in CIPN-mice the pro-biotic treatment increased the expression of opioid and cannabinoid receptors in spinal cord, it prevented in the reduction in nerve fiber damage in the paws and modulated the serum proinflammatory cytokines concentration. On basis of these data, the use of this specific probiotic formulation may represent a valid adjuvant agent to paclitaxel, useful and not toxic for long-lasting therapies.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Chronic Oral Probiotic Treatment in Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathic Pain

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Depression is the most common comorbidity in patients with epilepsy ( 195 ). Patients with epilepsy have a twofold increased risk of depression compared to the standard population ( 196 ). Mental disorders, such as depression, anxiety, dipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, could be rooted in abnormal GM ( 192 , 197 ).…”

Section: Gut–brain Psychology and Epilepsymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and Epilepsy: A Review on Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutics

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The gut–brain axis refers to the bidirectional communication between the gut and brain, and regulates intestinal homeostasis and the central nervous system via neural networks and neuroendocrine, immune, and inflammatory pathways. The development of sequencing technology has evidenced the key regulatory role of the gut microbiota in several neurological disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. Epilepsy is a complex disease with multiple risk factors that affect more than 50 million people worldwide; nearly 30% of patients with epilepsy cannot be controlled with drugs. Interestingly, patients with inflammatory bowel disease are more susceptible to epilepsy, and a ketogenic diet is an effective treatment for patients with intractable epilepsy. Based on these clinical facts, the role of the microbiome and the gut–brain axis in epilepsy cannot be ignored. In this review, we discuss the relationship between the gut microbiota and epilepsy, summarize the possible pathogenic mechanisms of epilepsy from the perspective of the microbiota gut–brain axis, and discuss novel therapies targeting the gut microbiota. A better understanding of the role of the microbiota in the gut–brain axis, especially the intestinal one, would help investigate the mechanism, diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, and treatment of intractable epilepsy.

show abstract

“…Additionally, in approximately 0.5% of patients with epilepsy, depressive disorders may be evoked by the use of certain antiepileptic drugs [ 7 ]. Current antidepressants may also not be as effective, with some even aggravating seizures [ 124 ]. Therefore, a healthier treatment option with reduced side effects is needed for tackling depression in epilepsy.…”

Section: Scfa In Psychiatric Comorbidities Of Epilepsymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IBS is known to elevate both the risk of epilepsy and major depressive disorder. This happens via a pathway similarly seen in all three diseases, including increased gut permeability, subsequent LPS influx, and an increase in proinflammatory cytokines [ 124 ]. (c) Moreover, the antidepressant-like effects of butyrate reverses behavioral alterations in mouse models similar to stress responses, including low energy [ 132 , 133 ], anhedonia [ 134 ], and cognitive and sociability impairments [ 135 ].…”

Section: Scfa In Psychiatric Comorbidities Of Epilepsymentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Short Chain Fatty Acids in Epilepsy and Potential Benefits of Probiotics and Prebiotics: Targeting “Health” of Epileptic Patients

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The WHO’s definition of health transcends the mere absence of disease, emphasizing physical, mental, and social well-being. As this perspective is being increasingly applied to the management of chronic diseases, research on gut microbiota (GM) is surging, with a focus on its potential for persistent and noninvasive dietary therapeutics. In patients with epilepsy (PWE), a chronic lack of seizure control along with often neglected psychiatric comorbidities greatly disrupt the quality of life. Evidence shows that GM-derived short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) may impact seizure susceptibility through modulating (1) excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmitters, (2) oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and (3) psychosocial stress. These functions are also connected to shared pathologies of epilepsy and its two most common psychiatric consequences: depression and anxiety. As the enhancement of SCFA production is enabled through direct administration, as well as probiotics and prebiotics, related dietary treatments may exert antiseizure effects. This paper explores the potential roles of SCFAs in the context of seizure control and its mental comorbidities, while analyzing existing studies on the effects of pro/prebiotics on epilepsy. Based on currently available data, this study aims to interpret the role of SCFAs in epileptic treatment, extending beyond the absence of seizures to target the health of PWE.

show abstract

The Gut-Brain-Axis on the Manifestation of Depressive Symptoms in Epilepsy: An Evidence-Driven Hypothesis

Cited by 13 publications

References 98 publications

Effects of Chronic Oral Probiotic Treatment in Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathic Pain

Effects of Chronic Oral Probiotic Treatment in Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathic Pain

Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and Epilepsy: A Review on Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutics

Role of Short Chain Fatty Acids in Epilepsy and Potential Benefits of Probiotics and Prebiotics: Targeting “Health” of Epileptic Patients

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About