The gut microbiome and the kidney

Regunathan-Shenk, Renu; Shah, Neal; Raj, Dominic S.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818540-7.00031-8

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Indoles is also one of the derivatives of tryptophan metabolisms. It is documented that the bacterial metabolism of tryptophan generates more than 600 indoles in the gut ( Regunathan-Shenk et al, 2022 ). Indoles are structurally related to neuroactive substances such as serotonin and Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD).…”

Section: Microbiota-produced Neurotransmitters and Related Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome?

et al. 2023

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The concept of the gut microbiome is emerging as a metabolic interactome influenced by diet, xenobiotics, genetics, and other environmental factors that affect the host’s absorption of nutrients, metabolism, and immune system. Beyond nutrient digestion and production, the gut microbiome also functions as personalized polypharmacy, where bioactive metabolites that our microbes excrete or conjugate may reach systemic circulation and impact all organs, including the brain. Appreciable evidence shows that gut microbiota produce diverse neuroactive metabolites, particularly neurotransmitters (and their precursors), stimulating the local nervous system (i.e., enteric and vagus nerves) and affecting brain function and cognition. Several studies have demonstrated correlations between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system sparking an exciting new research field, neuromicrobiology. Microbiome-targeted interventions are seen as promising adjunctive treatments (pre-, pro-, post-, and synbiotics), but the mechanisms underlying host-microbiome interactions have yet to be established, thus preventing informed evidence-based therapeutic applications. In this paper, we review the current state of knowledge for each of the major classes of microbial neuroactive metabolites, emphasizing their biological effects on the microbiome, gut environment, and brain. Also, we discuss the biosynthesis, absorption, and transport of gut microbiota-derived neuroactive metabolites to the brain and their implication in mental disorders.

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Section: Microbiota-produced Neurotransmitters and Related Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome?

et al. 2023

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“…A single layer of epithelial cells separates the intestinal lumen from the underlying lamina propria [16], which are bound together by tight junctions [17]. Commensal bacteria maintain the integrity of the barrier by several mechanisms, such as restoration of tight junction protein structure, upregulation of mucin genes and competition with pathogenic bacteria for binding to epithelial cells [18]. Without a healthy intestinal barrier, toxins and other unwanted metabolites could pass into systemic circulation, causing cellular damage, inflammation, and other adverse events.…”

Section: The Role Of the Microbiome In Relation To Ckdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 2. Uremic toxin production adapted from Regunathan-Shenk et al [18]. Diet is taken up and digested into peptides and amino acids.…”

Section: Uremic Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Engineered Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 for the prevention of uremic toxin accumulation in chronic kidney disease

Lubkowicz

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HavaI would like to acknowledge first and foremost, Dr. Vincent Isabella, who has been a mentor to me since I started working at Synlogic in 2013. Vinnie has been instrumental in my development as Scientist and has been a great supervisor over the years. Our regular sessions helped me shape this thesis and helped me overcome many bottlenecks. Next, I would like to acknowledge Prof. Kim Lewis, who has been supervising my PhD journey. Our regular check-ins were always direct and to the point and without unnecessary frippery. I really appreciated this, and his advice helped me move the project along in the pace it did, often showing me the right path when I was at a scientific crossroad. I also would like to acknowledge Dr. Dave L. Hava, who helped me review my dissertation and manuscript, providing great comments. Dave, your feedback really helped me improve the quality of my writing and this thesis and I truly appreciate it. Thanks also to all my committee members for dedicating their time during these last 3 years. I also would like to acknowledge Adam Thomas, who helped me initiate this Industry-PhD program. I certainly wouldn't be at this point of my career without your support. Lastly, I want to acknowledge and voice my gratitude to all of Synlogic for their support during these last three years. Special Thanks to my colleague Sean Cotton, for consistently helping me with back-dilutions when I was in meetings or stuck in traffic.

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LC-MS and HPLC-UV for Detecting Uremic Toxins: Two Validated Methods with Simultaneous Sensitivity and Specificity Evaluation

Cristina,

Marcello,

Nicola Antonio

2024

IgMin Res

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Uremic toxins (UTs) are compounds derived from the metabolism of dietary molecules such as tryptophan (Indossyl Sulphate, IS) and phenil-alanine (P-Cresyl Sulphate, PCS), that are normally eliminated by the kidneys of healthy patients. The accumulation of such toxins is an indicator of kidney disease at different degrees of severity, and the toxins can be found as free or protein bound in human biological samples. The toxicity of such compounds causes the loss of several biological functions, and the subjects suffering from such complications will need, more often than not, hemodialysis to properly excrete these toxins. Despite this not being a resolutive, but rather a symptom managing clinical approach, this is the most common course of treatment. Two analytical methods are proposed to quantify both the protein-bound and free forms of IS and PCS (HPLC-UV for the former; LC-MS/MS with ESI negative ionization for the latter), with lower variability and higher robustness than what is currently proposed, allowing for a precise simultaneous determination of the aforementioned UTs.

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The gut microbiome and the kidney

Cited by 3 publications

References 159 publications

Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome?

Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome?

Engineered Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 for the prevention of uremic toxin accumulation in chronic kidney disease

LC-MS and HPLC-UV for Detecting Uremic Toxins: Two Validated Methods with Simultaneous Sensitivity and Specificity Evaluation

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