The Gut Microbiome and Treatment-Resistance in Schizophrenia

Seeman, Mary V.

doi:10.1007/s11126-019-09695-4

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…However, evidence on this matter is still controversial, as different studies did not detect similar effects of APs in the modulation of gut microbiota [ 165 , 166 ]. Again, the gut microbiota has been proposed as a factor that is responsible for the lack of response observed in some schizophrenic patients [ 167 ]. On the other hand, it was pointed out how probiotics showed no clinical utility in both negative or positive symptoms, albeit only three studies were fully reviewed [ 168 ].…”

Section: Microbiota and Psychiatric Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbiota/Microbiome and the Gut–Brain Axis: How Much Do They Matter in Psychiatry?

Marazziti

Palermo

Parra

et al. 2021

Life

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The functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) is the result of the constant integration of bidirectional messages between the brain and peripheral organs, together with their connections with the environment. Despite the anatomical separation, gut microbiota, i.e., the microorganisms colonising the gastrointestinal tract, is highly related to the CNS through the so-called “gut–brain axis”. The aim of this paper was to review and comment on the current literature on the role of the intestinal microbiota and the gut–brain axis in some common neuropsychiatric conditions. The recent literature indicates that the gut microbiota may affect brain functions through endocrine and metabolic pathways, antibody production and the enteric network while supporting its possible role in the onset and maintenance of several neuropsychiatric disorders, neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative disorders. Alterations in the gut microbiota composition were observed in mood disorders and autism spectrum disorders and, apparently to a lesser extent, even in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and related conditions, as well as in schizophrenia. Therefore, gut microbiota might represent an interesting field of research for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of common neuropsychiatric disorders and possibly as a target for the development of innovative treatments that some authors have already labelled “psychobiotics”.

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Section: Microbiota and Psychiatric Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbiota/Microbiome and the Gut–Brain Axis: How Much Do They Matter in Psychiatry?

Marazziti

Palermo

Parra

et al. 2021

Life

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“…Gut microbiota alterations are widely observed in schizophrenia patients and may account for various biological alterations involved in the cause of schizophrenia [45]. Recent study found that there was a drug-refractory form of schizophrenia for which the composition of gut microbiota was responsible [46]. Depending on the composition of intestine microbiota, their enzymes, and the features of the drug, the result is either activation or deactivation of the drug [47].…”

Section: Discussion/conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment Resistance in Schizophrenia Is Associated with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Gut Microbiota: A Genetic Correlation and Mendelian Randomization Study

Cheng¹,

Cheng²,

Li³

et al. 2023

Neuropsychobiology

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Introduction: Observational studies highlight associations of common diseases with individual schizophrenia symptoms. However, it is unclear whether these diseases are associated with individual treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). We aimed to explore the genetic associations between common immune diseases, metabolic diseases, psychiatric disorders, gut microbiota and TRS. Methods: Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data of European participants (n = ∼456,327) included TRS, 11 psychiatric disorders, 23 immune and metabolic diseases, body mass index, height, and 211 gut microbiota. In this genetic correlation and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study, linkage disequilibrium score (LDSC) regression was applied to infer genetic correlation estimates. Two-sample MR tested potential causal associations of genetic variants associated with common immune diseases, metabolic diseases, psychiatric disorders, and gut microbiota with TRS. Results: LDSC revealed candidate associations between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, intestinal infectious diseases, obesity and TRS (genetic correlation range, 0.230–0.702; p < 0.05). Two-sample MR analyses suggested that ADHD was positively associated with TRS (estimate [SE] = 0.204 [0.073], p = 0.005), a finding that remained stable across statistical models. Besides, schizophrenia and genus Barnesiella levels were causally associated with TRS but not consistent across MR approaches. Conclusion: This study reports genetic correlations between ADHD, schizophrenia, intestinal infectious diseases, obesity and TRS. The study also found that genus Barnesiella was associated with TRS. These findings may have clinical implications, highlighting the possible strategy for TRS prevention.

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“…A brief introduction Schizophrenia is a significant cause of disability with varied causes, and gut microbiome has been linked to its development [45][46][47][48][49][50] Depression is a prevalent cause of disability worldwide, with the gut microbiome being implicated in its pathogenesis [60][61][62] Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent and enduring type of anxiety, affecting 4%-6% of the total population [70] Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects social interaction and communication and is typically identified in early childhood [1,5,77,78] Neurotransmitters involved in the mental disorders Impairment in the tryptophan to serotonin conversion pathway is plausibly linked to schizophrenia [9] Researchers suggest that d-serine could be associated with schizophrenia [54,57] The role of GABAergic transmission in schizophrenia has recently risen in significance [54] Tryptophan and Serotonin are centrally involved in the pathogenesis of depression [9] Modifying dopamine levels may have therapeutic applications for depression [21] GABA has been associated with treating depression [31] Glutamatergic signaling has been linked to depression [42,44] Tryptophan and serotonin also play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of anxiety [9] Modifying dopamine levels can have therapeutic applications for anxiety [21] GABA can also reduce anxiety [31] Modifying dopamine levels can have therapeutic applications on autism [21] Glutamate metabolization may be linked to autism [38,42] Microbiota effect on the neurotransmitters -Numerous bacterial species have reportedly expressed serotonin-synthesizing properties [14] -Gut commensal strains Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium have been found able to produce GABA [54] -Altering gut microbial may modify the metabolism of d-amino acids…”

Section: Schizophrenia Depression Anxiety Disorder Autism Spectrum Di...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The correlation between gut microbiota and both neurotransmitters and mental disorders: A narrative review

Mhanna,

Martini,

Hmaydoosh

et al. 2024

Medicine

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The gastrointestinal tract is embedded with microorganisms of numerous genera, referred to as gut microbiota. Gut microbiota has multiple effects on many body organs, including the brain. There is a bidirectional connection between the gut and brain called the gut-brain-axis, and these connections are formed through immunological, neuronal, and neuroendocrine pathways. In addition, gut microbiota modulates the synthesis and functioning of neurotransmitters. Therefore, the disruption of the gut microbiota in the composition or function, which is known as dysbiosis, is associated with the pathogenesis of many mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, depression, and other psychiatric disorders. This review aims to summarize the modulation role of the gut microbiota in 4 prominent neurotransmitters (tryptophan and serotonergic system, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and glutamate), as well as its association with 4 psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, depression, anxiety disorders, and autism spectrum disorder). More future research is required to develop efficient gut-microbiota-based therapies for these illnesses.

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The Gut Microbiome and Treatment-Resistance in Schizophrenia

Cited by 12 publications

References 74 publications

The Microbiota/Microbiome and the Gut–Brain Axis: How Much Do They Matter in Psychiatry?

The Microbiota/Microbiome and the Gut–Brain Axis: How Much Do They Matter in Psychiatry?

Treatment Resistance in Schizophrenia Is Associated with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Gut Microbiota: A Genetic Correlation and Mendelian Randomization Study

The correlation between gut microbiota and both neurotransmitters and mental disorders: A narrative review

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