The gut microbiome as a modulator of healthy ageing

Ghosh, Tarini Shankar; Shanahan, Fergus; O’Toole, Paul W.

doi:10.1038/s41575-022-00605-x

Cited by 355 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 210 publications

(166 reference statements)

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“…Given its involvement in the aging process and its contribution to the regulation of immune response and metabolic homeostasis, the intestinal microbiota has been postulated as a possible biomarker of healthy aging [12,17,18]. In fact, the ability of eubiosis to contrast inflammation, alterations in intestinal permeability, as well as the decline of both cognitive and bone health, is well known [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota Markers and Dietary Habits Associated with Extreme Longevity in Healthy Sardinian Centenarians

Palmas

Pisanu²,

Madau³

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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This study was aimed at characterizing the gut microbiota (GM) and its functional profile in two groups of Sardinian subjects with a long healthy life expectancy, overall named Long-Lived Subjects (LLS) [17 centenarians (CENT) and 29 nonagenarians (NON)] by comparing them to 46 healthy younger controls (CTLs). In addition, the contribution of genetics and environmental factors to the GM phenotype was assessed by comparing a subgroup of seven centenarian parents (CPAR) with a paired cohort of centenarians’ offspring (COFF). The analysis was performed through Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of the V3 and V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene on the MiSeq Illumina platform. The Verrucomicrobia phylum was identified as the main biomarker in CENT, together with its members Verrucomicrobiaceae, Akkermansia and Akkermansia muciniphila. In NON, the strongest associations concern Actinobacteria phylum, Bifidobacteriaceae and Bifidobacterium, while in CTLs were related to the Bacteroidetes phylum, Bacteroidaceae, Bacteroides and Bacteroides spp. Intestinal microbiota of CPAR and COFF did not differ significantly from each other. Significant correlations between bacterial taxa and clinical and lifestyle data, especially with Mediterranean diet adherence, were observed. We observed a harmonically balanced intestinal community structure in which the increase in taxa associated with intestinal health would limit and counteract the action of potentially pathogenic bacterial species in centenarians. The GM of long-lived individuals showed an intrinsic ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, as confirmed by functional analysis. The GM analysis of centenarians’ offspring suggest that genetics and environmental factors act synergistically as a multifactorial cause in the modulation of GM towards a phenotype similar to that of centenarians, although these findings need to be confirmed by larger study cohorts and by prospective studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota Markers and Dietary Habits Associated with Extreme Longevity in Healthy Sardinian Centenarians

Palmas

Pisanu²,

Madau³

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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“…For example, centenarians are generally regarded as a biological model of thriving aging due to their ability to live in a somewhat good state of health for several decades. [18,19]. For several studies have pointed out that the composition of the GM of centenarians of various ethnicities and geographical positions presents a high biodiversity and representation of Firmicutes, Bifidobacterium, as well as SCFA producers, with their respective anti-inflammatory and homeostatic properties, when compared with the elderly or younger adults [20][21][22], supports the concept that gut microbiota behavior does not reflect chronological but biological aging [18].…”

Section: The Role Of the Aging Process And Exercise Training On Intes...mentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Retaining a high Bacteroides dominance into older age can predict decreased survival in a four-year [18]. Ghosh et al [19] reported that the typical aging-related alterations are typified by a loss of dominant commensal taxa (such as Prevotella, Faecalibacterium, Eubacterium rectale, Lachnospira, Coprococcus, and the health-associated genus Bifidobacterium). Furthermore, these taxa seemed to be replaced by a second group of commensals (such as the putatively beneficial Akkermansia, Christensenellaceae, Butyricimonas, Odoribacter and Butyricicoccus) and pathobionts (Eggerthella, Bilophila, Fusobacteria, Streptococcus, and Enterobacteriaceae).…”

Section: The Role Of the Aging Process And Exercise Training On Intes...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Role of the Aging Process and Exercise Training on the Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Telomere Length

Assis

Neto

Ribeiro

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Aging is a natural process of organism deterioration, which possibly impairs multiple physiological functions. These harmful effects are linked to an accumulation of somatic mutations, oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation, protein damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction. It is known that these factors are capable of inducing telomere shortening, as well as intestinal dysbiosis. Otherwise, among the biological mechanisms triggered by physical exercise, the attenuation of pro-inflammatory mediators accompanied by redox state improvement can be the main mediators for microbiota homeostasis and telomere wear prevention. Thus, this review highlights how oxidative stress, inflammation, telomere attrition, and gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis are interconnected. Above all, we provide a logical foundation for unraveling the role of physical exercise in this process. Based on the studies summarized in this article, exercise training can increase the biodiversity of beneficial microbial species, decrease low-grade inflammation and improve oxidative metabolism, these factors together possibly reduce telomeric shortening.

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“…Finally, changes in the intestinal microbiome in the aged population could also be a factor in the heighted intestinal response to burn injury with age. Evidence in elderly humans and in rodent models of aging show that, even in the absence of injury, there are dramatic changes in fecal microbiota relative to younger subjects (reviewed in [ 64 - 68 ]. In humans, aging often correlates with a decline in bacterial diversity, especially in the context of frailty and unhealthy aging [ 69 - 72 ].…”

Section: Poor Outcomes After Burn Injury In the Aged Population: Does...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging, Cutaneous Burn Injury and Multi-Organ Complications: The Role of the Gut

McMahan

Boe

Walrath

et al. 2022

Adv Geriatr Med Res

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Advanced age escalates post-burn complications and older burn patients, and even those with relatively minor burns, have worse clinical outcomes after injury. While the mechanism(s) responsible for the compounding effects of age and burn injury have not been defined, in this viewpoint, we highlight the emerging data suggesting that age-mediated impairment of gut barrier integrity and dysbiosis of the fecal microbiome in older subjects may play a role in the heightened multi-organ responses seen in older patients. Studies aimed at exploring the contribution of intestinal dysfunction in age-related exacerbations of post-burn inflammatory responses could highlight novel therapeutic interventions that can be used to treat victims of burns and other traumatic injuries.

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The gut microbiome as a modulator of healthy ageing

Cited by 355 publications

References 210 publications

Gut Microbiota Markers and Dietary Habits Associated with Extreme Longevity in Healthy Sardinian Centenarians

Gut Microbiota Markers and Dietary Habits Associated with Extreme Longevity in Healthy Sardinian Centenarians

The Emerging Role of the Aging Process and Exercise Training on the Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Telomere Length

Aging, Cutaneous Burn Injury and Multi-Organ Complications: The Role of the Gut

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