“…Production of short-chain fatty acids: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly butyrate, propionate, acetate, and lactate, are generated from the fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates by the intestinal microbiome and a small proportion by degradation of branched-chain amino acids [ 23 ]. The most protective SCFA is butyrate, which has the anticancer activity of inducing cancer cell apoptosis via mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, anti-inflammatory effects, and inhibition of histone deacetylation via the Warburg effect [ 10 , 23 , 38 ]. Butyrate also suppresses angiogenesis, inhibiting tumor formation [ 38 ].…”