The gut microbiota-brain axis, psychobiotics and its influence on brain and behaviour: A systematic review

Barrio, C. Méndel-Del; Sánchez, Samuel Arias; Martín-Monzón, Isabel

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105640

Cited by 64 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Evidence of non-intuitive links between microbiota and CNS diseases is continually emerging. A systematic review that included 17 articles showed that gut dysbiosis predicts the development of neurological or neuropsychiatric diseases such as cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and depression [ 198 ]. In addition, it was found that different psychobiotics, mainly dietary fibres and probiotics of the Lactobacillus family, improved different cognitive functions such as cognitive performance and induced a reduced glucocorticoid response.…”

Section: Effects Of Gut Microbiota On Cns Disorders and Glutamate Dys...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Evidence for the Widespread Role of Glutamatergic Dysfunction in Neuropsychiatric Diseases

et al. 2022

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The monoamine model of depression has long formed the basis of drug development but fails to explain treatment resistance or associations with stress or inflammation. Recent animal research, clinical trials of ketamine (a glutamate receptor antagonist), neuroimaging research, and microbiome studies provide increasing evidence of glutamatergic dysfunction in depression and other disorders. Glutamatergic involvement across diverse neuropathologies including psychoses, neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative conditions, and brain injury forms the rationale for this review. Glutamate is the brain’s principal excitatory neurotransmitter (NT), a metabolic and synthesis substrate, and an immune mediator. These overlapping roles and multiple glutamate NT receptor types complicate research into glutamate neurotransmission. The glutamate microcircuit comprises excitatory glutamatergic neurons, astrocytes controlling synaptic space levels, through glutamate reuptake, and inhibitory GABA interneurons. Astroglia generate and respond to inflammatory mediators. Glutamatergic microcircuits also act at the brain/body interface via the microbiome, kynurenine pathway, and hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis. Disruption of excitatory/inhibitory homeostasis causing neuro-excitotoxicity, with neuronal impairment, causes depression and cognition symptoms via limbic and prefrontal regions, respectively. Persistent dysfunction reduces neuronal plasticity and growth causing neuronal death and tissue atrophy in neurodegenerative diseases. A conceptual overview of brain glutamatergic activity and peripheral interfacing is presented, including the common mechanisms that diverse diseases share when glutamate homeostasis is disrupted.

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Section: Effects Of Gut Microbiota On Cns Disorders and Glutamate Dys...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Evidence for the Widespread Role of Glutamatergic Dysfunction in Neuropsychiatric Diseases

et al. 2022

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“…Researchers reported that the release of many inflammation factors, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), had a close relationship with gut microbiota ( Pan et al., 2020 ; Sae-Khow et al., 2020 ). Meanwhile, gut microbiota-derived molecules and metabolites can result in inflammation in the central nervous system, greatly contributing to the onset of brain disorders ( Barrio et al., 2021 ). In our previous work, we found that some inflammation-related serum metabolites were significantly correlated with gut microbiota and could be the potential biomarkers for MDD ( Bai et al., 2021b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota-Related Inflammation Factors as a Potential Biomarker for Diagnosing Major Depressive Disorder

Bai

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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ObjectiveAlthough many works have been done, the objectively measured diagnostic biomarkers are not available. Thus, we conducted this study to identify potential biomarkers for objectively diagnosing depression and explore the role of gut microbiota in the onset of depression.MethodsMajor depressive disorder (MDD) patients (n=56) and demographic data-matched healthy controls (HCs) (n=56) were included in this study. The gut microbiota in fecal samples and inflammation-related factors in serum were measured. Both univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to identify the differential gut microbiota and inflammation-related factors.ResultsFinally, 46 differential operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (60.9% OTUs belonging to Firmicutes) and ten differential inflammation-related factors were identified. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations between 14 differential OTUs (9 OTUs belonging to Firmicutes and 5 OTUs belonging to family Lachnospiraceae under Firmicutes) and seven differential inflammation-related factors. Meanwhile, 14 differential OTUs (9 OTUs belonging to Firmicutes and 5 OTUs belonging to family Lachnospiraceae under Firmicutes) and five differential inflammation-related factors (adiponectin, apolipoprotein A1, alpha 1-antitrypsin, neutrophilicgranulocyte count/white blood cell count and basophil count) were significantly correlated to depression severity. A panel consisting of these five differential inflammation-related factors could effectively diagnose MDD patients from HCs.ConclusionsOur results suggested that Firmicutes, especially family Lachnospiraceae, might play a role in the onset of depression via affecting the inflammation levels of host, and these five differential inflammation-related factors could be potential biomarkers for objectively diagnosing MDD.

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“…The microbiota–gut–brain axis has successfully linked the contents of the GM to various neurodegenerative disorders, developmental disorders, and mood changes [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. The relationship between these diseases and the microbiota is mainly related to several bacterial metabolites that act as immunoregulatory and neurochemical factors [ 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Microbiota–gut–brain Axis (Mgb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics: Protecting Our Health from the Gut

et al. 2022

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The gut microbiota (GM) comprises billions of microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal tract. This microbial community exerts numerous physiological functions. Prominent among these functions is the effect on host immunity through the uptake of nutrients that strengthen intestinal cells and cells involved in the immune response. The physiological functions of the GM are not limited to the gut, but bidirectional interactions between the gut microbiota and various extraintestinal organs have been identified. These interactions have been termed interorganic axes by several authors, among which the gut–brain, gut–skin, gut–lung, gut–heart, and gut–metabolism axes stand out. It has been shown that an organism is healthy or in homeostasis when the GM is in balance. However, altered GM or dysbiosis represents a critical factor in the pathogenesis of many local and systemic diseases. Therefore, probiotics intervene in this context, which, according to various published studies, allows balance to be maintained in the GM, leading to an individual’s good health.

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The gut microbiota-brain axis, psychobiotics and its influence on brain and behaviour: A systematic review

Cited by 64 publications

References 63 publications

Emerging Evidence for the Widespread Role of Glutamatergic Dysfunction in Neuropsychiatric Diseases

Emerging Evidence for the Widespread Role of Glutamatergic Dysfunction in Neuropsychiatric Diseases

Gut Microbiota-Related Inflammation Factors as a Potential Biomarker for Diagnosing Major Depressive Disorder

Probiotics: Protecting Our Health from the Gut

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