The Gut Microbiota, Food Science, and Human Nutrition: A Timely Marriage

Barratt, Michael J.; Lebrilla, Carlito B.; Shapiro, Howard; Gordon, Jeffrey I.

doi:10.1016/j.chom.2017.07.006

Cited by 89 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The relationship between the gut microbiota and feed efficiency has been demonstrated in several livestock animal species such as cattle (Guan et al, 2008), sheep (Perea et al, 2017) and pigs (Yang et al, 2017), thus suggesting this may be a generalized phenomenon across the whole animal kingdom. This thought is not unfounded, and decades of research on the human gut microbiota have also demonstrated a strong and dynamic interrelationship between dietary components, the gut microbiota and host's physiology (Barratt et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Are there indigenous Saccharomyces in the digestive tract of livestock animal species? Implications for health, nutrition and productivity traits

García-Mazcorro

Ishaq

Rodriguez‐Herrera³

et al. 2020

Animal

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All livestock animal species harbour complex microbial communities throughout their digestive tract that support vital biochemical processes, thus sustaining health and productivity. In part as a consequence of the strong and ancient alliance between the host and its associated microbes, the gut microbiota is also closely related to productivity traits such as feed efficiency. This phenomenon can help researchers and producers develop new and more effective microbiome-based interventions using probiotics, also known as direct-fed microbials (DFMs), in Animal Science. Here, we focus on one type of such beneficial microorganisms, the yeast Saccharomyces. Saccharomyces is one of the most widely used microorganisms as a DFM in livestock operations. Numerous studies have investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with different species, strains and doses of Saccharomyces (mostly Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on gut microbial ecology, health, nutrition and productivity traits of several livestock species. However, the possible existence of Saccharomyces which are indigenous to the animals’ digestive tract has received little attention and has never been the subject of a review. We for the first time provide a comprehensive review, with the objective of shedding light into the possible existence of indigenous Saccharomyces of the digestive tract of livestock. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a nomadic yeast able to survive in a broad range of environments including soil, grass and silages. Therefore, it is very likely that cattle and other animals have been in direct contact with this and other types of Saccharomyces throughout their entire existence. However, to date, the majority of animal scientists seem to agree that the presence of Saccharomyces in any section of the gut only reflects dietary contamination; in other words, these are foreign organisms that are only transiently present in the gut. Importantly, this belief (i.e. that Saccharomyces come solely from the diet) is often not well grounded and does not necessarily hold for all the many other groups of microbes in the gut. In addition to summarizing the current body of literature involving Saccharomyces in the digestive tract, we discuss whether the beneficial effects associated with the consumption of Saccharomyces may be related to its foreign origin, though this concept may not necessarily satisfy the theories that have been proposed to explain probiotic efficacy in vivo. This novel review may prove useful for biomedical scientists and others wishing to improve health and productivity using Saccharomyces and other beneficial microorganisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Are there indigenous Saccharomyces in the digestive tract of livestock animal species? Implications for health, nutrition and productivity traits

García-Mazcorro

Ishaq

Rodriguez‐Herrera³

et al. 2020

Animal

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“…Diet is an in uencer of the composition and function of the microbiota [29]. Adults with rheumatoid arthritis may be improved by vegan or Mediterranean diet [30][31][32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory effect of the specific carbohydrate diet in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Berntson¹

2020

Preprint

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Background Diet has an effect on the intestinal immune system, which may have consequences for inflammatory diseases. Specific carbohydrate diet (SCD) is an effective anti-inflammatory treatment for inflammatory bowel disease in children. We explored the anti-inflammatory effect of SCD in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods Twenty-two patients with JIA (age 6.3–17.3 years), with stable, low-to-medium disease activity, were included in the study. Seven children dropped out within two weeks from the start of SCD, and fifteen patients, who completed four to five weeks of SCD, were evaluated in the final analyses. A dietician introduced parents and children to SCD with written and verbal instructions, and regular follow-ups were performed during the intervention period. Patients were studied with clinical and laboratory examinations before, during and after the intervention. In addition to conventional JIA laboratory tests, analyses were performed of short chain fatty acids in faecal samples at inclusion and after two and four weeks of SCD. Results SCD significantly decreased morning stiffness (p = 0.003) and pain (p = 0.048), and improved physical function assessed through the child health assessment questionnaire (p = 0.022). Arthritis improved in five of the seven children with arthritis at inclusion. Faecal butyrate increased significantly (p = 0.020). Conclusions SCD has significant positive effect on arthritis activity, morning stiffness, pain and physical function in children with JIA. Our results suggest that change in bacterial activity of the intestinal canal by dietary intervention may provide an effective and feasible complementary treatment for JIA.

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“…During the past two decades, the human microbiome has emerged as a biological system with the potential to significantly influence health and disease (Shreiner et al, 2015). Despite our limited understanding regarding its intricate relationship with the host and its environment (Foster et al, 2017), recent discoveries related to the human microbiome have opened new horizons in food science (Barratt et al, 2017), precision medicine (Wishart, 2016), and biotechnology (Taroncher-Oldenburg et al, 2018) among other fields. In parallel, advances in genomics and bioinformatics have provided inexpensive tools to acquire biological and clinical data, as well as the tools to translate the data into knowledge (Shoaie et al, 2015;Zeevi et al, 2015;Thaiss et al, 2016a;Korem et al, 2017;Baldini et al, 2018;Bauer and Thiele, 2018;Gilbert et al, 2018;Greenhalgh et al, 2018;Knight et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Computational Diet: A Review of Computational Methods Across Diet, Microbiome, and Health

et al. 2020

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Food and human health are inextricably linked. As such, revolutionary impacts on health have been derived from advances in the production and distribution of food relating to food safety and fortification with micronutrients. During the past two decades, it has become apparent that the human microbiome has the potential to modulate health, including in ways that may be related to diet and the composition of specific foods. Despite the excitement and potential surrounding this area, the complexity of the gut microbiome, the chemical composition of food, and their interplay in situ remains a daunting task to fully understand. However, recent advances in high-throughput sequencing, metabolomics profiling, compositional analysis of food, and the emergence of electronic health records provide new sources of data that can contribute to addressing this challenge. Computational science will play an essential role in this effort as it will provide the foundation to integrate these data layers and derive insights capable of revealing and understanding the complex interactions between diet, gut microbiome, and health. Here, we review the current knowledge on diet-health-gut microbiota, relevant data sources, bioinformatics tools, machine learning capabilities, as well as the intellectual property and legislative regulatory landscape. We provide guidance on employing machine learning and data analytics, identify gaps in current methods, and describe new scenarios to be unlocked in the next few years in the context of current knowledge.

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The Gut Microbiota, Food Science, and Human Nutrition: A Timely Marriage

Cited by 89 publications

References 53 publications

Review: Are there indigenous Saccharomyces in the digestive tract of livestock animal species? Implications for health, nutrition and productivity traits

Review: Are there indigenous Saccharomyces in the digestive tract of livestock animal species? Implications for health, nutrition and productivity traits

Anti-inflammatory effect of the specific carbohydrate diet in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

The Computational Diet: A Review of Computational Methods Across Diet, Microbiome, and Health

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