The Gut Microbiota of Laying Hens and Its Manipulation with Prebiotics and Probiotics To Enhance Gut Health and Food Safety

Khan, Samiullah; Moore, Robert J.; Stanley, Dragana; Chousalkar, Kapil K.

doi:10.1128/aem.00600-20

Cited by 207 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…Resident gut microbiota members of laying hens also limit and control the colonization of foodborne pathogens. The functional supplementation-feed could strengthen the gut microbiota for improving the performance and colonization resistance to gut pathogens, such as Salmonella [ 51 ]. The capacity of beneficial gut bacteria to adapt to the exposure of Allium spp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Allium Extract Supplementation on Egg Quality, Productivity, and Intestinal Microbiota of Laying Hens

Abad¹,

Arroyo‐Manzanares

Ariza³

et al. 2020

Animals

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The use of allium extract containing propyl propane thiosulfonate (PTSO) as hen feed supplement was evaluated to demonstrate its positive effect on egg production and intestinal microbiota modulation. The study was carried out on 90 laying hens whose feed was supplemented with allium extract for 28 days. Nutritional properties of eggs were not affected, whereas an improvement in productivity was observed based on the increase weight of eggs. In addition, a modulator effect on intestinal microbiota was confirmed by the increase in Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp., as well as by the reduction in Enterobacteriaceae populations. Finally, the preservation of egg composition was checked by monitoring the content of PTSO, using a new analytical method consisting of the use of solid phase extraction and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Consequently, based on current results, Allium spp. extract rich in organosulfur compounds such as PTSO added to the diet had a beneficial effect on the microbiota and would seem to be a possible alternative to increase productivity, while not affecting the biochemical composition of egg. However, further studies on the effects of allium extract as feed supplement are necessary.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Allium Extract Supplementation on Egg Quality, Productivity, and Intestinal Microbiota of Laying Hens

Abad¹,

Arroyo‐Manzanares

Ariza³

et al. 2020

Animals

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show abstract

“…(2017) point out that Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 reduces fat deposition and promotes the growth performance of chickens ( Wang et al., 2017 ). Besides, Lactobacilli are often used as the formulation of prebiotics and probiotics that enhance the intestinal health for improved the colonization resistance to gut pathogens such as Campylobacter and Salmonella and the host performance ( Kobierecka et al., 2017 ; Muyyarikkandy and Amalaradjou, 2017 ; Saint-Cyr et al., 2017 ; Khan and Chousalkar, 2020 ; Khan et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic analysis reveals linkages between cecal microbiota and feed efficiency in Xiayan chickens

Deng²,

Yang

et al. 2020

Poultry Science

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The cecal microbiota plays a critical role in energy harvest and nutrient digestion, influencing intestinal health and the performance of chickens. Feed efficiency ( FE ) is essential for improving economic efficiency and saving social resources in chicken production and may be affected by the cecal microbiota. Therefore, to investigate the composition and functional capacity of cecum microbes related to FE in Xiayan chicken, an indigenous breed in Guangxi province, metagenome sequencing was performed on chicken cecal contents. 173 male and 167 female chickens were divided into high and low FE groups according to the residual feed intake. The cecal microbial genome was extracted and sequenced. The results showed that the genera Bacteroides , Prevotella , and Alistipes were the 3 most abundant in each cecal microbiome. The linear discriminant analysis effect size revealed 6 potential biomarkers in male and 14 in female chickens. Notably, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the high FE group was higher than that of the low FE group both in the male and female chickens, and the species Limosilactobacillus oris has a higher score in the high FE group of male chickens. In contrast, some potentially pathogenic microorganisms such as Campylobacter avium in females and Helicobacter pullorum in males were enriched in the low FE group. Predictive functional analysis showed that the high FE group in male chickens had a greater ability of xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism and signaling molecules and interaction. In addition, the host sex was found to exert effects on the cecal microbial composition and function associated with FE. These results increased our understanding of the cecal microbial composition and identified many potential biomarkers related to FE, which may be used to improve the FE of the chickens.

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“…The results can lead to issues such as E. coli peritonitis syndrome, which can cause acute mortality, up to 15% above normal levels ( 119 ). In addition, increased levels of harmful bacteria unbalance the gut microbiota and can leave the individual open to colonization with further harmful foodborne pathogens like salmonella and campylobacter ( 120 ), posing a potential food-safety risk to consumers. If piling is stressful, it could lead to gut problems that past literature has not considered, and may pose potential health risks for both hens and humans.…”

Section: Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Do Hens Pile? Hypothesizing the Causes and Consequences

Gray

Davies

Bright³

et al. 2020

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Piling is a behavior in laying hens whereby individuals aggregate in larger densities than would be normally expected. When piling behavior leads to mortalities it is known as smothering and its frequent but unpredictable occurrence is a major concern for many egg producers. There are generally considered to be three types of piling: panic, nest box and recurring piling. Whilst nest box and panic piling have apparent triggers, recurring piling does not, making it an enigmatic and ethologically intriguing behavior. The repetitive nature of recurring piling may result in a higher incidence of smothering and could have unconsidered, sub-lethal consequences. Here, we consider the possible causes of recurring piling from an ethological perspective and outline the potential welfare and production consequences. Drawing on a wide range of literature, we consider different timescales of causes from immediate triggers to ontogeny and domestication processes, and finally consider the evolution of collective behavior. By considering different timescales of influence, we built four hypotheses relevant to the causes of piling, which state that the behavior: (i) is caused by hens moving toward or away from an attractant/repellent; (ii) is socially influenced; (iii) is influenced by early life experiences and; (iv) can be described as a maladaptive collective behavior. We further propose that the following could be welfare consequences of piling behavior: Heat stress, physical injury (such as keel bone damage), and behavioral and physiological stress effects. Production consequences include direct and indirect mortality (smothering and knock-on effects of piling, respectively), potential negative impacts on egg quality and on worker welfare. In future studies the causes of piling and smothering should be considered according to the different timescales on which causes might occur. Here, both epidemiological and modeling approaches could support further study of piling behavior, where empirical studies can be challenging.

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The Gut Microbiota of Laying Hens and Its Manipulation with Prebiotics and Probiotics To Enhance Gut Health and Food Safety

Cited by 207 publications

References 104 publications

Effect of Allium Extract Supplementation on Egg Quality, Productivity, and Intestinal Microbiota of Laying Hens

Effect of Allium Extract Supplementation on Egg Quality, Productivity, and Intestinal Microbiota of Laying Hens

Metagenomic analysis reveals linkages between cecal microbiota and feed efficiency in Xiayan chickens

Why Do Hens Pile? Hypothesizing the Causes and Consequences

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