The gut mycobiome in health, disease, and clinical applications in association with the gut bacterial microbiome assembly

Zhang, Fen; Aschenbrenner, Dominik; Yoo, Ji Youn; Zuo, Tao

doi:10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00203-8

Cited by 163 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 165 publications

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“…Previous studies have characterized human gut fungal communities from diverse age groups [20]–[23]. The fungal component of the gut microbiome of healthy individuals has been reported to be dominated by Saccharomyces, Malassezia , and Candida [21], [24], [25]. Moreover, colonisation of opportunistic fungal pathogens in the gut can induce dysregulation of host immune responses thereby influencing the disease prognosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Mycobiome Dysbiosis is Linked to Hypertriglyceridemia Among Home Dwelling Elderly Danes

Ahmad

Castro‐Mejía

Krych

et al. 2020

Preprint

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24 25 26 Email addresses: 27 HFA fauzanahmad@ump.edu.my 28 JLC jcame@food.ku.dk 29 ŁK krych@food.ku.dk 30 BK bzo@food.ku.dk 31 WK wk@envs.au.dk 32 RLB r.bechshoeft@gmail.com 33 SR s.reitelseder@gmail.com 34 GWH grith.westergaard.hoejfeldt.01@regionh.dk 35 SBE se@food.ku.dk 36 LH l.holm@bham.ac.uk 37 KF karoline.faust@kuleuven.be 38 DSN dn@food.ku.dk 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 ABSTRACT 46 Gut microbial dysbiosis have been in the etiology of a number of diseases, yet 47 the presence of fungal communities and their possible association with host health are 48 little understood. This study attempts to identify gut microbial fungal associations 49 with the progression of atherogenic dyslipidemia in a population of older adults by 50 investigating the interplay between dietary intake, gut mycobiome composition, 51 plasma and fecal metabolome and anthropometric/body-composition measurements of 52 100 Danes aged 65 to 81 (69.57  3.64) years. The gut mycobiome composition were 53 determined by high-throughput sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) gene 54 amplicons, while the plasma and fecal metabolome was determined by GC-TOF-MS. 55 The gut microbiome of the subjects investigated is home to three main eukaryotic 56 phyla, namely Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Zygomycota, with genera 57 Penicillium, Candida, and Aspergillus being particularly common. 58 Hypertriglyceridemia was associated with fewer observed fungal species, and Bray-59 Curtis dissimilarity matrix-based analysis showed significant (P<0.05) clustering 60 according to fasting levels of circulating plasma triglycerides (Tg) and very low-61 density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol fasting levels, respectively. Interestingly, 62 neither hypertriglyceridemia nor elevated VLDL levels were reflected in the 63 prokaryotic component of the gut microbiome as determined by 16S rRNA gene 64 amplicon sequencing. Higher levels of Tg and VLDL cholesterol significantly 65 associates with increased relative abundance of genus Penicillium, possibly mediated 66 by a higher dietary fat intake (ANOVA, P<0.05), and Aspergillus and Guehomyces 67 were positively associated with SCFAs groups. Collectively, these findings suggest 68 that in older adults' gut mycobiome dysbiosis is associated with hypertriglyceridemia, 69 a known risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease. 70 71 Keywords: older-adults, hypertriglyceridemia, dysbiosis, gut mycobiome, host 72 metabolome, triglyceride, VLDL and dietary fat intake 73 74 75 93 dyslipidaemia in both men and women older than 65 years, as compared to younger 94 individuals [16]. Further, elevated triglycerides (Tg) and very low density level 95 (VLDL) cholesterol levels have been associated with subclinical atherosclerosis and 96 dubbed as independent risk factors for CVD [17]. Several large studies suggest that 97 hypertriglyceridemia is related to increased levels of remnant lipoproteins in 98 promoting atherogenesis [18], [19]. The possible mechanisms for this association 99 include excessive free fatty acid release, product...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Mycobiome Dysbiosis is Linked to Hypertriglyceridemia Among Home Dwelling Elderly Danes

Ahmad

Castro‐Mejía

Krych

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The gut microbiota is essential for maintaining body metabolism and health, while dysbiosis plays a vital role during the occurrence and progression of various diseases, including liver disease ( 94 , 95 ). Therefore, regulating the gut microbiota to maintain it in a relatively stable state, including gut microbiota diversity, distribution and metabolic stability, has great potential and clinical research value in the treatment of various types of liver diseases.…”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted modulation of gut microbiota by traditional Chinese medicine and natural products for liver disease therapy

Zhu

Zheng

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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The gut microbiota not only constitutes intestinal microenvironment homeostasis and human health but also exerts indispensable roles in the occurrence and progression of multiple liver diseases, including alcohol-related liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune liver disease and liver cancer. Given the therapeutic status of these diseases, their prevention and early therapy are crucial, and the detailed mechanism of gut microbiota in liver disease urgently needs to be explored. Meanwhile, multiple studies have shown that various traditional Chinese medicines, such as Si Miao Formula, Jiangzhi Granules, Liushen Capsules, Chaihu-Shugan Power, Cassiae Semen and Gynostemma, as well as some natural products, including Costunolide, Coprinus comatus polysaccharide, Antarctic krill oil, Oridonin and Berberine, can repair liver injury, improve fatty liver, regulate liver immunity, and even inhibit liver cancer through multiple targets, links, and pathways. Intriguingly, the aforementioned effects demonstrated by these traditional Chinese medicines and natural products have been shown to be closely related to the gut microbiota, directly driving the strategy of traditional Chinese medicines and natural products to regulate the gut microbiota as one of the breakthroughs in the treatment of liver diseases. Based on this, this review comprehensively summarizes and discusses the characteristics, functions and potential mechanisms of these medicines targeting gut microbiota during liver disease treatment. Research on the potential effects on gut microbiota and the regulatory mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine and natural products provides novel insights and significant references for developing liver disease treatment strategies. In parallel, such explorations will enhance the comprehension of traditional Chinese medicine and natural products modulating gut microbiota during disease treatment, thus facilitating their clinical investigation and application.

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“…There are harmful fungi that can disrupt the gastrointestinal tract that have also been linked to disease, such as how an increase in Malassezia restricta is linked with Crohn’s disease and inflammatory bowel disease [ 37 , 38 ]. Despite alterations such as these, most fungi of the mycobiome are beneficial and extremely useful for the host [ 39 ]. For example, the intestinal fungi, C. albicans and S. cerevisiae , can prevent one’s susceptibility to further infections, such as colitis, after taking antibiotics that caused a reduction in gut bacteria [ 39 ].…”

Section: Gut Mycobiomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite alterations such as these, most fungi of the mycobiome are beneficial and extremely useful for the host [ 39 ]. For example, the intestinal fungi, C. albicans and S. cerevisiae , can prevent one’s susceptibility to further infections, such as colitis, after taking antibiotics that caused a reduction in gut bacteria [ 39 ].…”

Section: Gut Mycobiomementioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Mycobiome in Women’s Health

Esposito

Patsakos

Borruso

2023

JoF

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Although the human bacteriome and virome have gained a great deal of attention over the years, the human mycobiome has been far more neglected despite having significant value and implications in human health. In women, mycobiome profiles in breastmilk, vaginal regions, the gut, skin, and the oral cavity can provide insight into women’s health, diseases, and microbiome dysbiosis. Analyses of mycobiome composition under factors, such as health, age, diet, weight, and drug exposure (including antibiotic therapies), help to elucidate the various roles of women’s mycobiome in homeostasis, microbiome interactions (synergistic and antagonistic), and health. This review summarizes the most recent updates to mycobiome knowledge in these critical areas.

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The gut mycobiome in health, disease, and clinical applications in association with the gut bacterial microbiome assembly

Cited by 163 publications

References 165 publications

Gut Mycobiome Dysbiosis is Linked to Hypertriglyceridemia Among Home Dwelling Elderly Danes

Gut Mycobiome Dysbiosis is Linked to Hypertriglyceridemia Among Home Dwelling Elderly Danes

Targeted modulation of gut microbiota by traditional Chinese medicine and natural products for liver disease therapy

The Role of the Mycobiome in Women’s Health

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