The gut odorant receptor and taste receptor make sense of dietary components: A focus on gut hormone secretion

Self Cite

Olfr78, which is a novel receptor for short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) acetate and propionate, plays essential roles in some cellular processes. The present study aimed to investigate the role of olfr78 in regulating energy metabolism and delineate the underlying mechanisms using olfr78−/− mice. Deletion of olfr78 did not influence the adiposity of mice fed either normal chow or a high‐fat diet (HFD). However, olfr78−/− mice exhibited glucometabolic dysfunction, as evidenced by increased fasting blood glucose levels, decreased serum insulin levels, and impaired oral glucose tolerance under HFD feeding. When compared to wild‐type (WT) mice, olfr78 deficiency enhanced HFD‐induced gluconeogenesis and increased the mRNA expression of key gluconeogenic genes in the liver and kidney. Quantitative real‐time PCR results revealed that olfr78 expression was higher in the colon compared with other tissues in WT mice. Analysis of the gut microbiota in the feces of olfr78−/− mice using 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed altered relative abundances of some representative SCFAs producers along with decreased levels of SCFAs, including propionic, isobutyric, 2‐methylbutyric, valeric, isovaleric, and 4‐methylvaleric acids. Importantly, mice lacking olfr78 had low circulating levels of glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1). In the STC‐1 enteroendocrine cell line, propionate and acetate induced the secretion of the gut hormone GLP‐1, and this effect was partially abolished by olfr78 siRNA‐mediated knockdown. Together, these results suggest a previously undescribed, specific regulatory role for gut olfr78 in glucose homeostasis and highlight olfr78 as a potential target for diabetes treatment.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfr78, a novel short‐chain fatty acid receptor, regulates glucose homeostasis and gut GLP‐1 secretion in mice

Wang,

Li,

Guo

et al. 2023

Self Cite

“…It was concluded that gut cells perceive nutritional elements through the activation of corresponding odorant or taste receptors, leading to the modulation of GLP‐1, PYY, CCK, and 5‐HT secretion. Likewise, gut receptors responsive to sweet, umami, and bitter flavors can regulate gut hormone secretion, playing a role in sustaining homeostasis upon exposure to dietary constituents (Wang et al., 2023). The impact of tasty peptides at the third level involves influencing appetite, satiety, metabolism, and other functions through interactions with the brain, pancreas, and other organs, further achieving a regulatory effect on human health.…”

Section: Bioactivities and Mechanisms Of Food‐derived Functional Pept...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of specific activity and intrinsic connections of food‐derived bioactive peptides for human health

Zhao,

Su,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Food‐derived peptides have garnered significant attention in research due to their multifaceted functionalities, abundant availability, efficient utilization of agricultural by‐products, and environmentally sustainable preparation methods. These peptides play a crucial role in human health, yet their precise mechanisms of action remain largely unexplored, posing challenges in their screening, preparation, and effective application utilizing protein‐based raw materials. This review offers an extensive examination of 19 types of bioactive peptides derived from food. The sources of food‐derived bioactive peptides are well concluded and the classifications are made according to their potential health benefit based on five primary systems: general bodily functions, the nervous system, the cardiovascular system, the metabolic system, and the immune system. This review specifically highlights the multifaceted impacts of tasty peptides on human health, extending beyond their gustatory effects. Furthermore, it explores the interplay between various functions of bioactive peptides, noting a progression from basic to advanced functionalities. Antioxidant activity and the modulation of key enzymes are identified as fundamental actions that are interconnected with other functional properties. This implies that a single bioactive peptide could exhibit multiple beneficial effects. The key role of antioxidant capabilities is underscored based on their broad influence and straightforward assessment. This comprehensive analysis aims to deepen the systematic understanding of the diverse benefits offered by various food‐derived peptides.

“…Studies have shown that intestinal sweet taste receptors Tas1R2/Tas1R3 promote the secretion of intestinal hormones such as GLP‐1, glucose‐dependent insulin‐releasing peptide, and PYY through the perception of sugar, which in turn affects gastrointestinal motility, dietary intake, and insulin secretion, as well as body energy balance. Other findings indicated that bitter receptors in the gut regulated ghrelin (Ghrelin) secretion by α‐gustducin and energy homeostasis, food intake, and appetite through activating hypothalamic ghrelin receptors (GHS‐R1A) (Behrens & Lang, 2022; Egecioglu et al., 2016; Wang et al., 2023). NCI‐H716 cells contain functional bitter taste receptors, and the activation of these receptors by bitter agents (denatonium benzoate and quinine) resulted in direct coupling them to Gαgust and promoting GLP‐1 and PYY secretion (Kim et al., 2014; Sung et al., 2021).…”

Section: Potential Pathways For Gut–organs Axis To Achieve Taste‐regu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Taste and its receptors in human physiology: A comprehensive look

Li,

Sun

et al. 2024

Increasing evidence shows that food has significance beyond traditional perception (providing nutrition and energy) in maintaining normal life activities. It is indicated that the sense of taste plays a crucial part in regulating human life activities. Taste is one of the basic physiological sensations in mammals, and it is the fundamental guarantee for them to perceive, select, and ingest nutrients in order to survive. With the advances in electrophysiology, molecular biology, and structural biology, studies on the intracellular and extracellular transduction mechanisms of taste have made great progress and gradually revealed the indispensable role of taste receptors in the regulation and maintenance of normal physiological activities. Up to now, how food regulates life activities through the taste pathway remains unclear. Thus, this review comprehensively and systematically summarizes the current study about the sense of taste, the function of taste receptors, the taste–structure relationship of gustatory molecules, the cross‐talking between distinctive tastes, and the role of the gut–organ axis in the realization of taste. Moreover, we also provide forward‐looking perspectives on taste research to afford a scientific basis for revealing the scientific connotation of taste receptors regulating body health.