The hail sensor intercomparison experiment

Lozowski, Edward P.; Erb, R. B.; Wojtiw, L.; Wong, Min Minnie; Strong, G. S.; Matson, R.; Long, Alexis B.; Vento, D.; Admirat, Pierre

doi:10.1080/07055900.1978.9649017

Cited by 11 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 4 publications

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“…We designed and constructed a machine for dropping the steel balls in compliance with all the requisites of the experiments to be carried out. Ideas for this device were roughly described in ( 26) and (30).…”

Section: Basis Of Hail-impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation and Evaluation of a Hail-Impact Simulation Device

Sotelo¹,

Echarri²,

Farber³

et al. 2022

Memoria investig. ing. (Facultad Ing., Univ. Montev.)

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Hailstorms are hazardous for people and goods. Automatically collecting information on hailstorms will help climate researchers analyze them and generate models for forecasting. Reproducing hail impacts is a requisite for designing and calibrating an electronic hail sensor. In this article, the design of a device for hail-impact simulation is presented. This device is based on the theory of Energy Matching, which explains how steel balls can be used instead of hailstones in order to have equivalent impact energies. The posed device, which can perform up to fourteen impacts between loading instances, either by dropping balls one by one or in pairs, was constructed. The size of the balls can be between 0.5 cm and 3.0 cm. In this paper, which is an extension of the work originally presented at the URUCON2021 conference, the importance of having such a hail-impact simulation device is explained. The main contribution of this extended work is the presentation of an experiment performed as an application of the constructed device. This experiment has the objective of verifying the aiming repetitiveness, while also verifying the linear relation between impact and electric signal energies.

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Section: Basis Of Hail-impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation and Evaluation of a Hail-Impact Simulation Device

Sotelo¹,

Echarri²,

Farber³

et al. 2022

Memoria investig. ing. (Facultad Ing., Univ. Montev.)

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A comparative study of hailstorms in Switzerland, Canada and South Africa

Admirat

Goyer²,

Wojtiw³

et al. 1985

J. Climatol.

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A comparison of 5 to 20 years of qualitative and quantitative observations of hailfalls and hailstorms by three of the most active hail research groups in the world, shows very similar characteristics in a number of aspects of the hail phenomenon. The main similarities are that (a) the frequency of hailstorms decreases with increasing intensity, (b) the characteristics of hailstones (maximum size, number density) and hailswaths (length, surface area, energy) increase with increasing hailstorm intensity (i.e. lifetime, volume), (c) the single and multi-cellular type storms are most frequent, whereas the supercell is rare, (d) the hail flux is not constant but pulsating, (e) the spatial structure of large hailswath is not uniform but contains 'hailcores' and (f) the post embryonic trajectories of common hailstones are often simple and similar.A number of differences are also observed between some of the regions, the main ones being (a) the upper limit of intensity of the more severe storms, (b) the succession and scale of cells in the storm development and (c) the percentage of various embryo types.A major conclusion of this comparative study is that the severe hailstorms, which cause most of the damage, are exceptional and show little similarity in the three regions. For the more requent light and moderate damaging ones, the study suggests that dynamics may be the result of pulsating phenomena.

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