The hallmarks of cancer

Gutschner, Tony; Diederichs, Sven

doi:10.4161/rna.20481

Cited by 1,598 publications

(838 citation statements)

References 201 publications

(265 reference statements)

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“…[12][13][14] Additional roles of lncRNAs include control of nuclear shuttling of proteins, 15 regulation of allelic expression ratios, such as genomic imprinting [16][17][18][19][20] and mammalian X-chromosome inactivation. 21 A number of recent studies report involvement of lncRNAs in cancer development, such as MALAT1, 22 HOTAIR, 9 GAS5, 23 BANCR, 24 H19, 25,26 and others, 27 strongly indicating that lncRNAs not only control gene regulatory pathways in normal cells and tissue but also play a role in tumor development.…”

Section: Diverse Roles Of Long Non-coding Rnas In Gene Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

TINCR, staufen1, and cellular differentiation

Kretz

2013

RNA Biology

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Section: Diverse Roles Of Long Non-coding Rnas In Gene Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

TINCR, staufen1, and cellular differentiation

Kretz

2013

RNA Biology

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“…In recent years, several lncRNAs have been shown to participate in carcinogenesis and cancer progression (Gutschner and Diederichs, 2012). Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT-1) was initially recognized owing to its high expression in lung cancer tissue, and was identified as a prognostic factor for the survival of stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (Ji et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic significance of long non-coding RNA MALAT-1 in various human carcinomas: a meta-analysis

Wang¹,

Xu²,

Zhang³

et al. 2016

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. The long non-coding RNA MALAT-1 plays an important role in cancer prognosis. The present research aimed to elucidate its precise predictive value in various human carcinomas. A quantitative meta-analysis was performed by searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library (most recently, January 2015) databases, and extracting data from studies that investigated the association between MALAT-1 expression and survival outcomes in patients of various cancers. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated as a measure of generalized effect. This meta-analysis included 1317 cases from 12 datasets. Our investigation revealed that poor overall survival (OS; HR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.74-2.64) and shortened disease-free, recurrencefree, disease-specific, or progression-free survival (HR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.22-3.72) can be predicted by high MALAT-1 expression for various cancers. Moreover, elevated MALAT-1 levels significantly correlated with decreased OS in a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subgroup (HR = 3.43, 95% CI = 1.80-6.53). These results imply that MALAT-1 can be used to predict unfavorable prognoses for several cancers, particularly RCC.

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“…Alteration in the expression of oncogenes, tumor suppressors, DNA repair mediators, and last but not least, apoptosis-related genes are the most important phenomena involved in the development and pathogenesis of all kinds of cancers (16,17). As a primary elucidation, tumorgenesis is usually associated with the activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes through several signaling pathways (18).…”

Section: Tobacco and Genetic Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Mechanisms of Tobacco in Cancer Pathogenesis

et al. 2017

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Context: Studies have shown that cancer is a multi-factorial disease in its pathogenesis, in addition to genetic disorders, the effect of environmental factors can also be pointed. Among all environmental factors, tobacco that is considered as the leading cause of respiratory and cardiovascular disease plays a key role in cancer pathogenesis and progression. More than 5,000 chemicals and 62 carcinogenes have been detected in tobacco, which could contribute to tumorgenesis through activating oncogenes, inhibition of tumor suppressor genes, genetic and epigenetic changes, alteration of growth pathways, angiogenesis and metastasis. Evidence Acquisition: To access the articles, we used valid external and internal databases. In order to set the search formula with maximum collectivity, at the first step, the main keywords were characterized and then equivalent terms were identified using various sources. In order to retrieve the last research papers, searches were conducted constantly from 1970 until 2015. The obtained results were screened in terms of relevance and quality indicators such as proper research design, control groups, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and also the statistical analysis. Accordingly, 150 articles were obtained and finally 64 articles which were eligible and had high relevance to the topic were selected and reviewed. Results: This review explains the association between tobacco smoking and the incidence of different human cancers; also it focuses on molecular mechanisms through which carcinogenic chemicals in tobacco smoke promote cancer progression. Among multiple components of tobacco smoke, three carcinogens, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), nictotine and nicotin-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) convincingly play major roles in the pathogenesis of a wide range of cancers. In fact, these toxic and carcinogenic agents alter the expression of oncogenes, tumor suppressors, DNA repair, and last but not least, apoptosis-related genes through several mechanisms, such as point mutations, deletions, translocations and gene recombination. Moreover, implication of different tumorgenic signal transduction pathways, such as PI3K/AKT, STAT3, ERK1/2 and COX-2 in tobacco-induced tumorgenesis should not be underestimated. Conclusions: Although many facts about the carcinogenic character of tobacco are yet unknown, understanding the molecular mechanisms of cancer development associated with smoking could be promising for early detection, treatment, and reducing metastasis of tobacco-related cancers.

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The hallmarks of cancer

Cited by 1,598 publications

References 201 publications

TINCR, staufen1, and cellular differentiation

TINCR, staufen1, and cellular differentiation

Prognostic significance of long non-coding RNA MALAT-1 in various human carcinomas: a meta-analysis

The Molecular Mechanisms of Tobacco in Cancer Pathogenesis

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