Abstract. We present the design and evaluation of a tactile editor, TactiPEd for the rapid and easy prototyping of vibrotactile patterns. It is based on the graphical metaphor of the shape of the device, which is used for the tuning of the main tactile characteristics, including amplitude, frequency and duration of tactile sequences. The editor includes file systems functionalities using the XML format along with playing and recording functionalities. The editor was thoroughly evaluated: a usability evaluation was conducted with 9 participants, the designed metaphor-based patterns were analyzed for insights on cross-device design and finally the editor was tested with several devices. TactiPEd was successfully and easily used with little training and enabled users to design patterns in little time. The resulting patterns shared common characteristics across the devices for a given metaphor.Keywords: tactile feedback, tactile pattern authoring, vibrotactile pattern.
IntroductionThe development of wearable tactile devices, in the forms of bracelets [1, 2, 3], vests [4] or belts [5], has been increasing, in particular for mobile and wearable computing. By providing an alternative channel for communication, these devices enable the transmission of information in an eyes-free, ear-free and discrete manner, useful not only in contexts where other modalities are not available but also when they are heavily used, all the while letting the user focus on the surrounding environment. For instance in mobility, it frees the user from staring continuously at his smartphone screen for information whilst walking [6] and thus enables him to stay aware of the potential dangers incoming from traffic of cars and people. The haptic modality has successfully been used for example for providing navigation cues [4,5,6], status information about mobile phone applications (e.g. activity of email inbox [1]) or for enhancing the education and learning [7], among many other existing applications. However, a lot of effort is still spent on designing appropriate, intuitive and discriminable vibrotactile cues, through numerous development iterations and user evaluations [8], often specific to one device and one application, and usually requiring specific device and programming knowledge. Therefore few research prototypes