The harvest index of individual ears of four South African wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) cultivars

Metho, L. A.; Hammes, P. S.

doi:10.1080/02571862.2000.10634887

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The number of grains per ear was determined at maturity and 1000 grain weight was calculated (Table 2 ). Harvest index was calculated as the dry matter of grain yield divided by the sum of dry matter of grain yield and straw yield ( Metho and Hammes, 2000 ). Wheat grains were ground prior to chemical analysis, and N, P and K uptake in grains were calculated as the product of grain dry mass yield and the concentration of individual macro-element.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Wheat to a Multiple Species Microbial Inoculant Compared to Fertilizer Application

et al. 2018

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Microbial inoculants, including those formed from multiple species, may have dual functions as biostimulants and/or biocontrol agents, and claimed agricultural benefits are instrumental for regulatory categorisation. Biostimulants include commercial products containing substances or microorganisms that stimulate plant growth. Biostimulant microbes can be involved in a range of processes that affect N and P transformations in soil and thus influence nutrient availability, and N and P fertilizers can influence soil microbial diversity and function. A glasshouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of a multiple species microbial inoculant relative to a rock-based mineral fertilizer and a chemical fertilizer on wheat growth and yield, and on microbial diversity in the rhizosphere. The microbial inoculant was compared to the mineral fertilizer (equivalent to 5.6 kg N ha-1 and 5.6 kg P ha-1), and to the chemical fertilizer applied at three rates equivalent to: (i) 7.3 kg N ha-1 and 8.4 kg P ha-1 as recommended for on-farm use, (ii) 5.6 kg N ha-1 and 6.5 kg P ha-1 which matched the N in the mineral fertilizer, and (iii) 4.9 kg N ha-1 and 5.6 kg P ha-1 which matched P content in the mineral fertilizer. Despite an early reduction in plant growth, the microbial inoculant treatment increased shoot growth at maturity compared to the control. Similarly, grain yield was higher after application of the microbial inoculant when compared to control, and it was similar to that of plants receiving the fertilizer treatments. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, the microbial inoculant and fertilizer treatments were shown to influence the diversity of rhizosphere bacteria. The microbial inoculant increased the relative abundance of the phylum Actinobacteria. At tillering, the proportion of roots colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi increased with the microbial inoculant and mineral fertilizer treatments, but decreased with the chemical fertilizer treatments. At maturity, there were no treatment effects on the proportion of wheat roots colonized by AM fungi. Overall, the multiple species microbial inoculant had beneficial effects in terms of wheat yield relative to the commercial mineral and chemical fertilizers applied at the level recommended for on-farm use in south-western Australia.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Wheat to a Multiple Species Microbial Inoculant Compared to Fertilizer Application

et al. 2018

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“…One-hundred seed weights were determined. Harvest index (%) was estimated as seed yield divided by the sum of shoot dry weight and seed yield, multiplied by 100 [37][38][39].…”

Section: Shoot-trait Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Soybean Genotypes Based on Root Morphology and Shoot Traits Using the Semi-Hydroponic Phenotyping Platform and Rhizobox Technique

Salim

Chen

et al. 2021

Agronomy

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Root-system architecture is vital for improving soybean (Glycine max L.) growth and nutrient uptake. We characterised root-system architecture and shoot traits of 30 soybean genotypes in a semi-hydroponic system 35 days after sowing (DAS) and validated eight genotypes with contrasting root-system architecture in 1.5 m-deep rhizoboxes at the flowering stage. Among them, two genotypes were selected for evaluation through to maturity. Abundant variation (coefficient of variation values ≥ 0.25) was observed in 11 of 13 measured roots and shoot traits during the early growth stage. After late growth stages, strong positive correlations were found between root traits and shoot traits, except for specific root length and diameter. Seed yield and yield traits at final harvest significantly differed between two contrasting soybean genotypes. The large-rooted genotype had a higher harvest index than the small-rooted genotype. Soybean genotypes with larger root systems had a long time to flowering than those with smaller root systems. Genotypes with large-root systems had 106% more leaf area, and 245% more shoot dry weight than those with small systems, presumably due to high canopy photosynthesis to supply the demand for carbon assimilates to roots. Total root length, and root: shoot ratio-traits data collected in the rhizobox study, strongly correlated with the same traits in the semi-hydroponic phenotyping system. We found genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity in other root and shoot traits such as taproot depth, root dry weight, specific root length, and average root diameter among the tested genotypes. Phenology, particularly time to flowering, was associated with root system size. Some root and shoot traits in the semi-hydroponic phenotyping system at the seedling stage produced similar rankings at the later phenological (flowering) stage when grown in the soil-filled rhizoboxes. The soybean genotypes characterised by vastly different root traits could be used for further glasshouse and field studies to improve adaptation to drought and other specific environments.

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“…Plant biomass measurements including the number of grains per ear and 1000-grain weight were determined at maturity (Table 2). Harvest index was calculated as the grain yield divided by the sum of grain yield and straw yield (Metho and Hammes 2000). Wheat grains were ground prior to chemical analysis, and N, P, K and S uptake in grains was calculated as the product of grain yield and individual macro-element concentration (Assainar et al 2018).…”

Section: Sampling Harvest Soil and Plant Nutrient Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer-coated rock mineral fertilizer has potential to substitute soluble fertilizer for increasing growth, nutrient uptake, and yield of wheat

et al. 2020

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More than half of the fertilizer applied to farmers' field is lost, causing significant economic losses. To overcome this, a polymer-coated rock mineral fertilizer was investigated using wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Wyalkatchem). In addition, a multispecies microbial inoculant was added to seeds as a biostimulant to enhance fertilizer use efficiency. Thus, this glasshouse experiment investigated the effect of polymer-coated rock mineral fertilizer with or without a multispecies microbial inoculant on wheat growth in a sandy soil. We hypothesized that the polymer-coated rock mineral fertilizer combined with a microbial inoculant would be more effective than non-coated fertilizer at increasing growth, nutrient uptake and yield of wheat in sandy soil. Both the polymer-coated and non-coated rock mineral fertilizer, either with or without microbial seed inoculation, increased shoot growth at tillering and maturity but root growth only increased at maturity. Grain yield did not differ between the fertilizer treatments except that they were lower for the non-coated rock mineral fertilizer when combined with microbial inoculation. In the absence of microbial inoculation, soil amended with polymercoated fertilizer had lower residual soil P and K. The hypothesis that microbial inoculation would improve the growth, nutrient uptake and yield of wheat was not supported in this 2 experiment. Sequencing of 16S rRNA identified Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria as the key phyla in rhizosphere soil. Fertilizer treatments altered alpha diversity (OTU richness, Inverse Simpson and Fisher indices) but had no effect on evenness. This polymer-coated rock mineral fertilizer has potential to substitute for or complement more soluble fertilizers, but there was no benefit of inclusion of the multispecies microbial inoculant on plant growth or yield.

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The harvest index of individual ears of four South African wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Response of Wheat to a Multiple Species Microbial Inoculant Compared to Fertilizer Application

Response of Wheat to a Multiple Species Microbial Inoculant Compared to Fertilizer Application

Screening of Soybean Genotypes Based on Root Morphology and Shoot Traits Using the Semi-Hydroponic Phenotyping Platform and Rhizobox Technique

Polymer-coated rock mineral fertilizer has potential to substitute soluble fertilizer for increasing growth, nutrient uptake, and yield of wheat

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