The health concern of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in a notorious e-waste recycling site

Shi, Jingchun; Li, Xiang; Luan, Hemi; Wei, Yanchun; Ren, Helong; Chen, Pengcheng

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109817

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…These industrial or human activities could cause the release of LCMs into the natural environments of China. However, current studies regarding e-waste contamination mainly focus on heavy metals and flame retardants, and there are essentially no studies on these emerging contaminants, LCMs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Crystal Monomers (LCMs) in Sediments: Method Validation and Detection in Sediment Samples from Three Typical Areas

Shi

Zhu

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) have been proposed to be persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) substances; however, there is a dearth of information regarding their occurrence in sediment samples. Here, an analytical method was developed for the quantitative determination of LCMs in sediment samples, and n = 76 sediment samples were collected and analyzed to determine accurate concentrations of LCMs. Our results indicated that the developed pretreatment procedure was applicable for the determination of LCM concentrations in sediments. We observed that LCMs were detected in 75 out of the 76 sediment samples, and 23, 18, and 14 out of the 39 target LCMs were quantified in at least one of the analyzed sediments from rivers around LCM or liquid crystal device (LCD) manufacturers, Taihu Lake, and rivers around e-waste recycling sites, respectively. The LCMs in the samples from rivers around LCM/LCD manufacturers exhibited the greatest mean concentrations of 26.1 ng/g dry weight (dw), followed by those from e-waste recycling site areas (1.15 ng/g dw) and Taihu Lake (0.076 ng/g dw). Collectively, this study provided the first analytical method that was able to quantify the concentrations of LCMs in sediment samples and provided the first evidence for the occurrence of LCMs in sediment samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Crystal Monomers (LCMs) in Sediments: Method Validation and Detection in Sediment Samples from Three Typical Areas

Shi

Zhu

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The cytotoxic and/or genotoxic potential of CPBM leachate was assayed in human lymphocytes, via the Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus (CBMN) assay, using cytochalasin-B. The latter is considered as a reliable tool for assessing the presence of cytogenotoxic substances in aquatic media and highly recommended in case of hardly treated mixtures of hazardous substances or priority aquatic pollutants [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Risk of Electronic Waste Disposal into Aquatic Media: The Case of Personal Computer Motherboards

Kalamaras

Kloukinioti

Αντωνοπούλου

et al. 2021

Toxics

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Considering that electronic wastes (e-wastes) have been recently recognized as a potent environmental and human threat, the present study aimed to assess the potential risk of personal computer motherboards (PCMBs) leaching into aquatic media, following a real-life scenario. Specifically, PCMBs were submerged for 30 days in both distilled water (DW) and artificial seawater (ASW). Afterwards, PCMBs leachates were chemically characterized (i.e., total organic carbon, ions, and trace elements) and finally used (a) for culturing freshwater (Chlorococcum sp. and Scenedesmus rubescens) and saltwater (Dunaliella tertiolecta and Tisochrysis lutea) microalgae for 10 days (240 h), (b) as the exposure medium for mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (96 h exposure), and (c) for performing the Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus (CBMN) assay in human lymphocytes cultures. According to the results, PCMBs could mediate both fresh- and marine algae growth rates over time, thus enhancing the cytotoxic, oxidative, and genotoxic effects in the hemocytes of mussels (in terms of lysosomal membrane impairment, lipid peroxidation, and NO content and micronuclei formation, respectively), as well as human lymphocytes (in terms of MN formation and CBPI values, respectively). The current findings clearly revealed that PCMBs leaching into the aquatic media could pose detrimental effects on both aquatic organisms and human cells.

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“…At present, although the e-waste recycling activities in Taizhou city have been effectively controlled, and the areas polluted by the e-dismantling activities in Fengjiang town of Luqiao District and in Zeguo and Wenqiao town of Wenling City, have been gradually remediated. So far, many studies have focused on PCBs and PBDEs in soils, sediments, house dusts, plants in the well-known e-waste dismantling sites such as Guiyu and Longtang in Guangdong Province, Wenqiao and Fengjiang in Taizhou city, Zhejiang Province (Yang Z Z, 2009;Yu, et al, 2018;Li et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2019;Shi et al, 2019;Mao et al, 2021;Zhou et al, 2021). Few studies focus on the soil pollution and food safety issues caused by the dismantling and accumulation of waste circuit boards and their plastic powder in Nanwan Village, let alone the remediation of contaminated soil in Nanwan Village.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and distribution characteristics of PCBs and PBDEs in farmland soils adjacent to electronic circuit board dismantling ruins

Zhang

Chen

Tao

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The Nanwan village, a green ecological village in Taizhou city, is used as a recycling area (recycling for heavy metal) for electronic circuit boards and as crushing and stacking sites of waste circuit boards for nearly 20 years from 1980s to 2000s. At present, although the e-waste recycling activities in Taizhou city have been effectively controlled, and many areas polluted by the e-dismantling activities have been gradually remediated except Nanwan village. Nanwan village seems to have been forgotten for its special geographical location, which has attracted our attention because of its ecological and food safety issues. Accordingly, the content of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the surface soil around the ruins and four edible agricultural crops were investigated. The main conclusions are as follows: among the four dismantling ruins and surrounding soil samples investigated, the content of Σ20PCBs in vegetable field topsoil of 2(20) is 1,321.3 ± 132.1 μg kg−1; the content of Σ8PBDEs in the paddy soil of 3(1S) is 7,216.9 ± 232.0 μg kg−1; biological toxicity events are likely to occur frequently in 2(20) and 3(1S). PCBs and PBDEs have both horizontal diffusion in distance and vertical diffusion in depth. The lifetime carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of PCBs and PBDEs are at a low risk level, except for the non-carcinogenic risk of PCBs for children in 3(1S). The lifetime carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of PCBs and PBDEs in the edible parts of garlic, ginger, mung beans, and oranges were all at acceptable or negligible levels.

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The health concern of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in a notorious e-waste recycling site

Cited by 27 publications

References 49 publications

Liquid Crystal Monomers (LCMs) in Sediments: Method Validation and Detection in Sediment Samples from Three Typical Areas

Liquid Crystal Monomers (LCMs) in Sediments: Method Validation and Detection in Sediment Samples from Three Typical Areas

The Potential Risk of Electronic Waste Disposal into Aquatic Media: The Case of Personal Computer Motherboards

Occurrence and distribution characteristics of PCBs and PBDEs in farmland soils adjacent to electronic circuit board dismantling ruins

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