The Health Effects of Aluminum Exposure

Klotz, K.; Weistenhöfer, Wobbeke; Neff, Frauke; Hartwig, Andrea; Thriel, Christoph van; Drexler, Hans

doi:10.3238/arztebl.2017.0653

Cited by 181 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Exposure to intolerable levels of Al may be a source of respiratory and neurological disorders. Studies have confirmed that this metal, Al is partly responsible for brain loss and a source of diseases such as Parkinson's disease, anemia, dementia, blood and dental problems [71]. In this study Al concentration ranged from 561-942 mg/kg in soils, and 23-286 mg/kg in vegetables.…”

Section: Aluminumsupporting

confidence: 58%

Assessment of Health Risk and Elemental Concentrations in Minjingu Vegetables and Soils by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence

Koleleni

Tafisa

2019

AJARR

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The samples of soil and selected species of vegetables (cowpea leaves, spinach, sweet potato leaves, Ethiopian mustard and Chinese cabbages) were randomly collected from four sites, Idara ya maji, Nkaiti, Mbulungu and Mkwajuni of Minjingu village of Manyara in Tanzania. The samples were analyzed by means of wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometry to determine the heavy metal concentrations in soils and vegetables of the field study with emphasis on their health risk index (HRI) assessment. The results indicate that soils have concentration range of 142-1547 for Ca, 737-2515 for K, 2396-4748 for Si, 0-121 for P, 0-181 for Mg, 0-36 for S, 0-68 for Na, 561-942 for Al, 121-4748 for Fe, 0-80 for Mn, 0-53 for Sr, 0-37 for Cs and 0-11 for Ni in mg/kg which was above the maximum tolerable limits(MTL). Elements detected in vegetables were in the range of 2123-6122 for Ca, 747-8005 for K, 65-996 for Si, 40-348 for Mg, for Mn, 85-584 for P, 22-705 for S, 0-218 for Na, 70-835 for Fe, 23-286 for Al, 0-98 for Cs, 84-1076 for Cl and 0-13 for Ni in mg/kg. The highest heavy metal retention capability was exhibited in Cowpea leaves, Spinach and Chinese cabbages but sweet potato leaves and Ethiopian mustard has shown lower concentrations. Control site recorded the least concentration values. The HRI values for Sr, Ni and Fe in vegetables exceeded the maximum threshold limits (HRI>1) set by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The findings of this work indicates that soils and vegetables grown, particularly cowpea leaves, spinach and Chinese cabbages were extremely contaminated at levels able to pose detrimental health effects to the consumers. Therefore the consumption of cowpea leaves, spinach and Chinese cabbages should be reduced to the maximum if not abandoned. But limited quantities of Ethiopian mustard and sweet potato leaves can be taken while immediate steps are taken to reduce anthropogenic activities at the polluting site. This situation makes the regular monitoring of the grown vegetables a compulsory act.

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Section: Aluminumsupporting

confidence: 58%

Assessment of Health Risk and Elemental Concentrations in Minjingu Vegetables and Soils by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence

Koleleni

Tafisa

2019

AJARR

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“…Vaccine adjuvants may contribute to antigen delivery and/or enhancing an immune response. 5,6 In addition, alum, oil-in-water emulsions (such as incomplete Freund's adjuvant [IFA]) and MPLA have long been associated with inflammation. 4 It is known that alum does not induce a cellmediated immune response that can effectively clear intracellular pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 It is known that alum does not induce a cellmediated immune response that can effectively clear intracellular pathogens. 5,6 In addition, alum, oil-in-water emulsions (such as incomplete Freund's adjuvant [IFA]) and MPLA have long been associated with inflammation. 7,8 Amphiphilic block copolymers consisting of polyoxypropylene and polyoxyethylene blocks, including the widely used surfactant Pluronic F127 that has been approved by the FDA for other applications, 9 have been evaluated as injectable drug and vaccine delivery systems with tunable release rates based on polymer concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and biocompatibility of injectable vaccine adjuvants composed of thermogelling block copolymer gels

Adams

Senapati

Haughney

et al. 2019

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Injectable thermogelling polymers have been recently investigated as novel adjuvants and delivery systems for next generation vaccines. As research into natural and synthetic biocompatible polymers progresses, the safety and biocompatibility of these compounds is of paramount importance. We have developed cationic pentablock copolymer (PBC) vaccine adjuvants based on Pluronic F127, a thermogelling triblock copolymer that has been approved by the FDA for multiple applications, and methacrylated poly(diethyl amino)ethyl methacrylate outer blocks. These novel materials have been demonstrated to effectively create an antigen depot, minimally impact antigen stability, and enhance the immune response to antigens (i.e., adjuvanticity) in mice. In this work, we investigated the safety and biocompatibility of the parent triblock Pluronic gels and the cationic PBC gels in mice. Histological analysis showed no injection site reactions and no damage to the liver or kidneys was observed upon administering the block copolymer formulations. However, the subcutaneous injection of a thermogelling Pluronic solution induced increased levels of lipids in the blood, with no further deleterious effects observed from the addition of the cationic outer blocks. This hyperlipidemia resolved within 30 days after the administration of the Pluronic formulation. To mitigate this adverse effect, the vaccine adjuvant formulations were modified by adding poly(vinyl alcohol), which allowed gelation, while reducing the amount of Pluronic in the formulation. This modified formulation abrogated the observed hyperlipidemia and no adverse effects were observed in the serum through biomarker analysis or at the injection site (i.e., inflammation) in comparison to the responses induced by administration of saline or incomplete Freund's adjuvant. These studies provide a foundation to developing these gels as adjuvants for next generation vaccines. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1754–1762, 2019.

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“…Although Ni has biological activity in bacteria at nanomolar concentrations [17][18][19], it is also considered as a highly toxic metal [20], by the aim of causing the elevated production of reactive oxygen species and DNA damage [21]. In the case of Al, its embryotoxic effects in animal models and its neurotoxic effects in humans have been demonstrated, suggesting that this metal exposition may cause specifi c encephalopathy with a dementia syndrome [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Bacillus megaterium potential application for high metal content residues biotreatment

Rivas-Castillo¹,

Mejía-Escobedo²,

Rojas-Avelizapa³

2018

Open J Bac

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Previous work has demonstrated that Bacillus megaterium, besides showing an elevated resistance to heavy metals, possesses the ability to remove metals like Ni, Hg, and V from liquid media. Notably, Ni represents a highly valuable metal commonly found in industrial wastes, whose removal from environment is crucial, as it is considered a dangerous toxic metal. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine Bacillus megaterium MNSH1-9K-1 resistance to Al, Ni, V, and Mo, metals that are commonly found in high metal content residues, and also evaluate its Ni removal capability from liquid medium. To this end, the microorganism was exposed to different metal concentrations, and its resistance was assayed by serial dilutions and viable count. Afterwards, MNSH1-9K-1 Ni resistance and removal capability was evaluated by ICP-OES. The results showed that this microorganism presents a Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of 240, 2000, 35000 and >270000 ppm for Ni, Al, V, and Mo, respectively. Even more, MNSH1-9K-1 is able to remove up to 26 ppm of Ni. The results presented here may contribute to the knowledge regarding the application of this microorganism for the biotreatment of high metal content liquid and solid residues, mainly the ones containing Ni.

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The Health Effects of Aluminum Exposure

Cited by 181 publications

References 51 publications

Assessment of Health Risk and Elemental Concentrations in Minjingu Vegetables and Soils by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence

Assessment of Health Risk and Elemental Concentrations in Minjingu Vegetables and Soils by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence

Safety and biocompatibility of injectable vaccine adjuvants composed of thermogelling block copolymer gels

Study of Bacillus megaterium potential application for high metal content residues biotreatment

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