The Health Risks of Electronic Cigarette Use to Bystanders

Visser, W. J.; Klerx, Walther; Cremers, Hans W J M; Ramlal, Ramon; Schwillens, Paul L; Talhout, Reinskje

doi:10.3390/ijerph16091525

Cited by 56 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…There confirm other findings suggesting that e-cigarettes emit PM10, VOCs, nicotine and definitely impair air quality [211]. Analyses of the health risk of e-cigarette use for bystanders, i.e., passive smoking, indicate that exposure may be associated with irritation of the respiratory tract, systemic effects of nicotine action and increased risk of tumors [212].…”

Section: Environmental Impact Of E-cigarettessupporting

confidence: 79%

A Summary of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies Evaluating the Impact of E-Cigarette Exposure on Living Organisms and the Environment

Merecz-Sadowska

Sitarek

Zielińska‐Bliźniewska

et al. 2020

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Worldwide use of electronic cigarettes has been rapidly expanding over recent years, but the long-term effect of e-cigarette vapor exposure on human health and environment is not well established; however, its mechanism of action entails the production of reactive oxygen species and trace metals, and the exacerbation of inflammation, which are associated with potential cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. The present study examines the effects of selected liquid chemicals used in e-cigarettes, such as propylene glycol/vegetable glycerin, nicotine and flavorings, on living organisms; the data collected indicates that exposure to e-cigarette liquid has potentially detrimental effects on cells in vitro, and on animals and humans in vivo. While e-liquid exposure can adversely influence the physiology of living organisms, vaping is recommended as an alternative for tobacco smoking. The study also compares the impact of e-cigarette liquid exposure and traditional cigarette smoke on organisms and the environmental impact. The environmental influence of e-cigarette use is closely connected with the emission of airborne particulate matter, suggesting the possibility of passive smoking. The obtained data provides an insight into the impact of nicotine delivery systems on living organisms and the environment.

show abstract

Section: Environmental Impact Of E-cigarettessupporting

confidence: 79%

A Summary of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies Evaluating the Impact of E-Cigarette Exposure on Living Organisms and the Environment

Merecz-Sadowska

Sitarek

Zielińska‐Bliźniewska

et al. 2020

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A modest increase in risk of e-cigarette attributable respiratory diseases such as lung cancer or COPD, or cardiovascular disease, could markedly shift the net evidence base on population effects to support more restrictive regulatory policy on e-cigarettes. Effects of other little studied outcomes of e-cigarette exposure, including in utero exposure to maternal e-cigarette use and secondhand exposure to e-cigarette aerosol in bystanders, could also shift the assessment of respiratory and other population effects 174175. In the US, the assessment of effects may change on the basis of the large increase in use of e-cigarettes in school age young people in 2018, which drove an increase in overall use of any tobacco product, largely erasing recent progress in reducing use in young people 176.…”

Section: Effects On Population Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

What are the respiratory effects of e-cigarettes?

Gotts

Jordt

McConnell

et al. 2019

BMJ

392

303

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are alternative, non-combustible tobacco products that generate an inhalable aerosol containing nicotine, flavors, propylene glycol, and vegetable glycerin. Vaping is now a multibillion dollar industry that appeals to current smokers, former smokers, and young people who have never smoked. E-cigarettes reached the market without either extensive preclinical toxicology testing or long term safety trials that would be required of conventional therapeutics or medical devices. Their effectiveness as a smoking cessation intervention, their impact at a population level, and whether they are less harmful than combustible tobacco products are highly controversial. Here, we review the evidence on the effects of e-cigarettes on respiratory health. Studies show measurable adverse biologic effects on organ and cellular health in humans, in animals, and in vitro. The effects of e-cigarettes have similarities to and important differences from those of cigarettes. Decades of chronic smoking are needed for development of lung diseases such as lung cancer or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, so the population effects of e-cigarette use may not be apparent until the middle of this century. We conclude that current knowledge of these effects is insufficient to determine whether the respiratory health effects of e-cigarette are less than those of combustible tobacco products.

show abstract

“…The variety of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) devices available on the market is rapidly increasing. While early models mimic conventional cigarettes (in shape and size), newer models vary in product specifications (shape, size, battery, and tanks) [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. In addition to product specifications, design and flavor characteristics are increasingly elaborate and appealing [ 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to product specifications, design and flavor characteristics are increasingly elaborate and appealing [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Research in recent years has demonstrated that the appeal of e-cigarettes has increased rapidly [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 10 ]. The prevalence of e-cigarette use is increasing, mostly among cigarette smokers, but recent research suggests that e-cigarette use is also increasing among non-smokers, and may even be a gateway to smoking [ 2 , 3 , 9 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions and Reasons Regarding E-Cigarette Use among Users and Non-Users: A Narrative Literature Review

Romijnders

Osch

Vries

et al. 2018

IJERPH

Self Cite

141

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the attractiveness of e-cigarettes for several different groups. For this purpose, perceptions of and reasons for e-cigarette use were systematically reviewed as reported by e-cigarette users, cigarette smokers, dual users, and non-users, among both adults and youth. MEDLINE® and Scopus were used to search for relevant articles, and references of included studies were also investigated. Two reviewers screened all titles and abstracts independently, blinded to authors and journal titles (Cohen’s Kappa = 0.83), resulting in 72 eligible articles. Risk perceptions, perceived benefits, and reasons for e-cigarette use were categorized in themes and sub-themes. Risk perceptions included harmfulness in general, and specific health risks. Perceived benefits included improved taste and smell, and safety for bystanders. Reasons for use included (health) benefits, curiosity, smoking cessation, and friends using e-cigarettes. The findings highlight that there is a variety of perceptions and reasons mentioned by adult and youth e-cigarette users, cigarette smokers, dual users, and non-users. As such, this overview provides valuable information for scientists, public health professionals, behavior change experts, and regulators to improve future research, risk communication, and possibilities to effectively regulate e-cigarettes.

show abstract

The Health Risks of Electronic Cigarette Use to Bystanders

Cited by 56 publications

References 16 publications

A Summary of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies Evaluating the Impact of E-Cigarette Exposure on Living Organisms and the Environment

A Summary of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies Evaluating the Impact of E-Cigarette Exposure on Living Organisms and the Environment

What are the respiratory effects of e-cigarettes?

Perceptions and Reasons Regarding E-Cigarette Use among Users and Non-Users: A Narrative Literature Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About