The health risks of smoking the framingham study: 34 years of follow-up

Freund, Karen M.; Belanger, Albert J.; D’Agostino, Ralph B.; Kannel, William B.

doi:10.1016/1047-2797(93)90070-k

Cited by 153 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The health risks associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease can be increased by smoking, as smokers display reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, higher triglyceride concentrations, and increased proinflammatory (e.g., TNF-␣, IL-6) and procoagulant markers (4,21,22,31). However, in current heavy smokers, a lower mortality rate has been reported (43) in overweight, but not obese, subjects relative to those who never smoked.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

Detrimental metabolic effects of combining long-term cigarette smoke exposure and high-fat diet in mice

Chen¹,

Hansen²,

Jones³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Morris MJ. Detrimental metabolic effects of combining long-term cigarette smoke exposure and high-fat diet in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 293: E1564-E1571, 2007. First published October 16, 2007 doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00442.2007.-Obesity and cigarette smoking are both important risk factors for insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Smoking reduces appetite, which makes many people reluctant to quit. Few studies have documented the metabolic impact of combined smoke exposure (se) and high-fat-diet (HFD). Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a powerful hypothalamic feeding stimulator that promotes obesity. We investigated how chronic se affects caloric intake, adiposity, plasma hormones, inflammatory mediators, and hypothalamic NPY peptide in animals fed a palatable HFD. Balb/c mice (5 wk old, male) were exposed to smoke (2 cigarettes, twice/day, 6 days/wk, for 7 wk) with or without HFD. Sham-exposed mice were handled similarly without se. Plasma leptin, hypothalamic NPY, and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) mRNA were measured. HFD induced a 2.3-fold increase in caloric intake, increased adiposity, and glucose in both sham and se cohorts. Smoke exposure decreased caloric intake by 23%, with reduced body weight in both dietary groups. Fat mass and glucose were reduced only by se in the chow-fed animals. ATGL mRNA was reduced by HFD in se animals. Total hypothalamic NPY was reduced by HFD, but only in sham-exposed animals; se increased arcuate NPY. We conclude that although se ameliorated hyperphagia and reversed the weight gain associated with HFD, it failed to reverse fat accumulation and hyperglycemia. The reduced ATGL mRNA expression induced by combined HFD and se may contribute to fat retention. Our data support a powerful health message that smoking in the presence of an unhealthy Western diet increases metabolic disorders and fat accumulation. adipose triglyceride lipase; appetite; leptin; neuropeptide Y; tumor necrosis factor-␣ WORLDWIDE, 1

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mentioning

confidence: 90%

Detrimental metabolic effects of combining long-term cigarette smoke exposure and high-fat diet in mice

Chen¹,

Hansen²,

Jones³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…Literatürde sigara kullanım süresinin kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı ve koroner kalp hastalığı gibi birçok kronik hastalığın başlangıç yaşını, hastalığın progresyonunu ve tedaviye yanıtını olumsuz etkilediğini gösteren birçok çalışma vardır (15,16,17). Yine literatürde, sigara içiminin kas invaziv olmayan mesane kanserinin tanı anındaki durumuna, tekrarlama sıklığına ve progresyonuna etkileri birçok çalışmada gösterilmektedir.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Evaluation of the Relationship Between Duration of Smoking and Clinical and Pathologic Characteristics of Bladder Cancer at Diagnosis

İrer¹,

Dağ²,

Aslan³

2017

uob

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Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between the duration of smoking and clinical and pathological characteristics of malignant bladder cancer at diagnosis. Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 41 patients who were diagnosed with primary bladder cancer and underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor in our clinic were included in this study. Clinical and pathological features of bladder tumor such as demographic data, smoking status and tumor size, cystoscopic appearance, tumor grade and grade, presence of lamina propria invasion in histopathological examination, presence of necrosis and inflammation were obtained from medical records. The association of these properties with smoking was evaluated retrospectively. Results: In this study, mean age of patients was determined to be 69.07 years and mean duration of smoking was 49.8 pack-years. We demonstrated that there was a statically significant relationship between duration of smoking and size of tumors, histological grade and grade of the tumor, solid appearance of the tumor, lamina propria invasion of the tumor, squamous differentiation of the tumor, and presence of histopathological inflammation and necrosis in the tumor. Conclusion: The duration of smoking in patients with bladder cancer, may be an important factor that gives information about aggressivity of tumors at the diagnosis to urologist and pathologist.

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“…The mortality associated with tobacco use is predicted to increase to 8 million per year by 2030(WHO, 2011. Tobacco is one of the major risk factors for chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, stroke, chronic respiratory diseases and cancers (Freund et al, 1993;Doll et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dokha: An Emerging Public Health Issue as a Form of Tobacco Smoking in the Middle East

John

Muttappallymyalil²

2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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The health risks of smoking the framingham study: 34 years of follow-up

Cited by 153 publications

References 28 publications

Detrimental metabolic effects of combining long-term cigarette smoke exposure and high-fat diet in mice

Detrimental metabolic effects of combining long-term cigarette smoke exposure and high-fat diet in mice

Evaluation of the Relationship Between Duration of Smoking and Clinical and Pathologic Characteristics of Bladder Cancer at Diagnosis

Dokha: An Emerging Public Health Issue as a Form of Tobacco Smoking in the Middle East

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