The healthy root pulp, degradation and regeneration

Goldberg, Michel

doi:10.15406/jdhodt.2019.10.00462

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 75 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…Deep carious lesions lead to irreversible pulp damage. Stem cells located in dental pulps replicate and retain potentials for regeneration [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. They are implicated in the repair of defective cell types, carious lesions and genetic therapies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Ages First: Pulp or Dentin?

Goldberg

2018

OAJGGM

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Dental pulps stem cells have regeneration potentials. Young pulp cells convert when they mature into cell-producing dentin. In the pulp, the targeted cells are specifically pulpoblasts, fibroblasts, immune and inflammatory cells. In the coronal part of the teeth, capillaries irrigate 100-150 m round or oval domains, allowing the cleaning of continuous zones. In the root, an uninterrupted fish net-like arrangement is located at the periphery of the dental pulp. Thrombus leads to degenerative processes, or to pulp degradation. Pulp necrosis, apoptosis, or nemosis guide pulp impairment. They may influence pulp renewal. Stem cells include Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs), Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Stem Cells (SHEDs), Platelet Derived Growth Factors (PDLSCs), Dental Follicle Precursors (DFSCs) and Apical Papilla Stem Cells (SCAPs). An ascending layer of cells issued from the apical papilla mesenchyme contributes to pulp regeneration. Initially, apical cell-rich zones are undifferentiated, and cell sliding involves the transfer from the apical part of the root to the crown, moving from the sub-odontoblastic layer to the radicular dental pulp. Linked by intercellular junctional complexes, pulp cells are interconnected by gap-and tight-junctions. They are transported toward the crown, tightly associated by intercellular junctions. In addition, lateral sliding occurs between the mesial cavities and the central pulp. Later, translocation takes place between the central pulp and the distal horn. This is obvious after an injection with Bio (a Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 specific inhibitor implicated in regenerative medicine). After a single injection, labeled cells become scarce and in the apical papilla mesenchyme, cells slide laterally from the mesial to the distal pulp horn, where they become undetectable. As pulp cells become older, VEGF promotes blood vessel formation. The activation of the ERK pathway leads to the expression of osteogenesis-related genes, such as Cbfa1, Col I, ALP, and OCN, responsible for dentin formation and mineralization of extracellular matrix components (Tables 1 & 2). TNF-α, Notch, p38 MAPK, TGF-β, Msx1, Msx2, and JNK signaling pathways are implicated in osteogenic differentiation. Dental pulp cells, young and/or old odontoblasts/osteoblasts contribute to bone and dental tissues regeneration. Adipose tissue is another source of mesenchyme stem cells. Young pulp cells become older, producing a dentin layer that contribute efficently to geriatric odontology.

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