The Heart-Forming Areas of the Early Chick Blastoderm

Rawles, Mary E.

doi:10.1086/physzool.16.1.30151667

Cited by 200 publications

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“…The study of cardiac progenitor cells commenced in the 1930s, a period when several laboratories set out to examine the organ-forming capabilities of early embryonic tissue (Rawles, 1936). It was through the efforts of Mary Rawles (1943) that the heart-forming areas were initially described for precontractile chick embryos. This map was delineated by culturing tissue fragments isolated from gastrulating chick embryos that displayed the head process-a developmental stage now referred as HH stage 5-and examining these explants for subsequent development of contractile tissue.…”

Section: Table 1 Definitions In Early Chick Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem cells and the formation of the myocardium in the vertebrate embryo

2003

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A major goal in cardiovascular biology is to repair diseased or damaged hearts with newly generated myocardial tissue. Stem cells offer a potential source of replacement myocytes for restoring cardiac function. Yet little is known about the nature of the cells that are able to generate myocardium and the conditions they require to form heart tissue. A source of information that may be pertinent to addressing these issues is the study of how the myocardium arises from progenitor cells in the early vertebrate embryo. Accordingly, this review will examine the initial events of cardiac developmental biology for insights into the identity and characteristics of the stem cells that can be used to generate myocardial tissue for therapeutic purposes. Anat Rec Part A 276A:2-12, 2004.

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Section: Table 1 Definitions In Early Chick Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem cells and the formation of the myocardium in the vertebrate embryo

2003

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“…Moreover, normal anterior endoderm has been shown to induce myofibrillogenesis and contractility in pre-cardiac mesoderm explanted from mutant salamanders which exhibit abnormal cardiac development (Lemanski et al, 1979). In chicken embryos, pre-cardiac cells in the epiblast a t Hamburger-Hamilton (1951) stage 3 + migrate during gastrulation to occupy bilateral areas of anterior lateral plate mesoderm known as the heart-forming region (HFR) (Rawles, 1943;Rosenquist and DeHaan, 1966); these precardiac cells reside in close proximity to pharyngeal endoderm cells. Evidence that the latter cells have a role in the induction of avian embryonic cardiogenesis was reported by Orts-Llorca (1963) and Orts-Llorca and Gil (1965), who observed that removal of endoderm prevented heart formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anterior endoderm is a specific effector of terminal cardiac myocyte differentiation of cells from the embryonic heart forming region

Sugi

Lough

1994

Developmental Dynamics

135

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The ability of anterior lateral plate mesoderm cells in the heart-forming region (HFR) of stage 6 chicken embryos to respond to cardiogenic stimuli from cells in adjacent germ layers has been investigated using explants cultured under defined conditions. Two types of explantation were evaluated: those in which two germ layers were explanted in contiguity, and those in which germ layers were isolated and cocultured. Two parameters-contractility and expression of sarcomeric alpha-actin-were monitored to evaluate the terminal differentiation of cardiac myocytes. Contiguously explanted anterior endoderm/mesoderm became multilayered and underwent terminal differentiation within 2 days. By contrast, although contiguous anterior ectoderm/mesoderm or posterior endoderm/mesoderm co-explants also became multilayered, these explants did not differentiate, up to 5 days. To ascertain the cardiogenic potential of cells from different regions of the embryo, individual germ layers were isolated and co-cultured by placing the explants in separate areas of the culture chamber. These determinations demonstrated that anterior, but not posterior, endoderm effected differentiation of anterior mesoderm. As before, mesoderm in both types of co-culture survived and became multilayered; by contrast, mesoderm did not survive when cultured in isolation. These experiments provide evidence that anterior endoderm regulates the terminal differentiation, as opposed to growth, of presumptive cardiac myocytes in mesoderm cells from the anterior lateral plate. Finally, anterior endoderm was co-cultured with mesoderm from the posterior half of the embryo, which does not contain an HFR. The failure of these co-cultured explants to differentiate infers that pre-cardiac myoblasts in stage 6 anterior mesoderm are previously specified to respond to the terminal cardiogenic effects of endoderm.0 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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“…The complexity, regularity, and harmony of streaming has enticed several investigators to study this process. Many studies have attempted to construct prospective fate or prospective potency maps, especially of the young avian blastoderm, which is readily amenable to manipulation and has, therefore, served as a model for higher vertebrates (Graper, 1929;Wetzel, 1929Wetzel, ,1936Rawles, 1936Rawles, ,1943Pasteels, 1937;Spratt, 1942Spratt, , 1952Spratt, , 1955Rudnick, 1944;Waddington, 1952;Rosenquist, 1966, 197Oa-f, 1971a4, 1972,1981,1982,1983Rosenquist and DeHaan, 1966;Orts-Llorca and Collado, 1968;Stalsberg and DeHaan, 1969;Nicolet, 1970Nicolet, , 1971Vakaet, 1984;Schoenwolf and Sheard, 1990;Selleck and Stern, 1991). Various techniques have been used in these studies, including labeling the surfaces of cells with chalk, vital dyes, iron oxide particles, or carbon particles; labeling the interiors of cells (their cytoplasm or nucleus) with fluorescent or histochemical markers or with tritiated thymidine; explanting groups of cells (e.g., to the chorioallantoic membrane); or constructing chimeras in which donor and host cells can be discriminated based on the occurrence of natural markers (such as the quail nucleolar marker; LeDouarin, 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoderm movement and fate during avian gastrulation and neurulation

Schoenwolf

García‐Martínez

Dias

1992

Developmental Dynamics

217

143

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Quail/chick transplantation chimeras were constructed during stages of gastrulation and neurulation to follow the subsequent movement and fate of cells of the primitive streak. All grafts were placed solely within the confines of the primitive streak to prevent confusion between cells that had not yet ingressed and those that had already ingressed, and transplanted cells were distinguished from host cells on the basis of a naturally occurring cell marker. Pathways of movement of ingressing cells corresponded to their level of residence within the primitive streak. Cells residing within Hensen's node (the cranial end of the primitive streak) initially migrated mainly cranially, remaining on or near the midline, and then extended caudally along the midline as regression of Hensen's node occurred. Cells residing within the nodus posterior (the caudal end of the primitive streak) migrated caudally. Cells residing at levels of the primitive streak between Hensen's node and the nodus posterior typically migrated bilaterally, confirming that such cells had not already ingressed prior to their transplantation (in which case, they would have migrated unilaterally). Subsets of these cells residing at progressively more caudal levels of the primitive streak migrated incrementally more laterally. Hensen's node contributed cells to the gut endoderm, head mesenchyme, notochord, and median hinge‐point (MHP) cells of the neural tube (future floor plate). At younger stages (i.e., stages 3a, 3b) Hensen's node contributed cells to principally the foregut endoderm and head mesenchyme, where‐as at older stages (i.e., stages 3c, 3d, 4), it contributed cells to principally the notochord and MHP region. The remaining segments of the cranial half of the primitive streak contributed cells to the various mesodermal subdivisions of the embryo, and the lengths of the segments forming these subdivisions were estimated. The most cranial level of the streak (directly behind Hensen's node) contributed cells to the most medial mesodermal subdivisions (head mesenchyme, somites) and consecutively more caudal levels of the streak contributed cells to sequentially more lateral mesodermal subdivisions (intermediate mesoderm, lateral plate mesoderm). The caudal half of the primitive streak contributed cells to the extraembryonic mesoderm, with the nodus posterior contributing cells to the most caudal extraembryonic mesoderm, including the blood islands. Our results confirm and extend the previous avian prospective fate maps, increasing our understanding of the movement and fate of cells of the gastrula and neurula stages. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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The Heart-Forming Areas of the Early Chick Blastoderm

Cited by 200 publications

References 0 publications

Stem cells and the formation of the myocardium in the vertebrate embryo

Stem cells and the formation of the myocardium in the vertebrate embryo

Anterior endoderm is a specific effector of terminal cardiac myocyte differentiation of cells from the embryonic heart forming region

Mesoderm movement and fate during avian gastrulation and neurulation

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