The heart forming region of early chick embryo is an alternative source of embryonic stem cells

Borgave, Seema; Ghodke, Kirti; Ghaskadbi, Surendra

doi:10.1387/ijdb.082677sb

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…[10][11][12] Borgave et al reported that there were mesenchymal stem cells present in the primary heart field of HH 4 chick embryo and that these stem cells could differentiate into various cell lineages, such as cardiomyocyte in response to inductive signals from the Hensen's node. 13 In this context, any disruption to cardiac precursor cell migration and differentiation during cardiogenesis may lead to congenital heart malformations. Stephane Zaffran, et al demonstrated that altering the embryonic origin of right and left ventricular myocardium has important implications in congenital heart disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagy is involved in ethanol-induced cardia bifida during chick cardiogenesis

Wang

Gao

et al. 2015

Cell Cycle

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Excess alcohol consumption during pregnancy has been acknowledged to increase the incidence of congenital disorders, especially the cardiovascular system. However, the mechanism involved in ethanol-induced cardiac malformation in prenatal fetus is still unknown. We demonstrated that ethanol exposure during gastrulation in the chick embryo increased the incidence of cardia bifida. Previously, we reported that autophagy was involved in heart tube formation. In this context, we demonstrated that ethanol exposure increased ATG7 and LC3 expression. mTOR was found to be inhibited by ethanol exposure. We activated autophagy using exogenous rapamycin (RAPA) and observed that it induced cardiac bifida and increased GATA5 expression. RAPA beads implantation experiments revealed that RAPA restricted ventricular myosin heavy chain (VMHC) expression. In vitro explant cultures of anterior primitive streak demonstrated that both ethanol and RAPA treatments could reduce cell differentiation and the spontaneous beating of cardiac precursor cells. In addition, the bead experiments showed that RAPA inhibited GATA5 expression during heart tube formation. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated that BMP2 expression was increased while GATA4 expression was suppressed. In the embryos exposed to excess ethanol, BMP2, GATA4 and FGF8 expression was repressed. These genes are associated with cardiomyocyte differentiation, while heart tube fusion is associated with increased Wnt3a but reduced VEGF and Slit2 expression. Furthermore, the ethanol exposure also caused the production of excess ROS, which might damage the cardiac precursor cells of developing embryos. In sum, our results revealed that disrupting autophagy and excess ROS generation are responsible for inducing abnormal cardiogenesis in ethanol-treated chick embryos.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagy is involved in ethanol-induced cardia bifida during chick cardiogenesis

Wang

Gao

et al. 2015

Cell Cycle

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“…[14][15][16] Borgave et al reported that there were sources of mesenchymal stem cells in the primary heart field of HH 4 chick embryo and that those mesenchymal stem cells were able to differentiate into various cell lineages, such as cardiomyocytes, in response to certain instructive signals from Hensens node. 17 If the embryological origin of heart development is abnormal, the risk of congenital heart disease must be higher. Ste´phane Zaffran, et al also demonstrated the differences in the embryological origin of right and left ventricular myocardium, which has important implications for congenital heart disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagy is involved in high glucose-induced heart tube malformation

Wang¹,

Huang²,

Cui³

et al. 2015

Cell Cycle

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Both pre-gestational and gestational diabetes have an adverse impact on heart development, but little is known about the influence on the early stage of heart tube formation. Using early gastrulating chick embryos, we investigated the influence of high glucose on the process of heart tube formation, specifically during the primary heart field phase. We demonstrated that high-glucose exposure resulted in 3 types of heart tube malformation: 1) ventricular hypertrophy, 2) ventricular hypertrophy with dextrocardia and 3) ventricular hypertrophy and dextrocardia with the fusion anomaly of a bilateral primary heart tube. Next, we found that these malformation phenotypes of heart tubes might mainly originate from the migratory anomaly of gastrulating precardiac mesoderm cells rather than cell proliferation in the developmental process of bilateral primary heart field primordia. The treatment of rapamycin (RAPA), an autophagy inducer, led to a similar heart tube malformation phenotype as high glucose. Additionally, high-glucose exposure promoted the expression of the key autophagy protein LC3B in early chick tissue. Atg7 is strongly expressed in the fusion site of bilateral primary heart tubes. All of these data imply that autophagy could be involved in the process of high-glucose-induced malformation of the heart tube.

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“…Although great progress has been made in order to produce cardiac cells from stem cells, knowledge of the genetic and therefore the molecular machinery involved in the formation of the heart is crucial to improve the production of myocardial cells safely and effectively. 120 With this paper, we hope to fill the gap that is sometimes evident in the literature about the interplay of the genes that have a role in heart induction and in the early steps of cardiogenesis. This information could be used to design new therapeutic approaches based on a safe and precise differentiation of cardiogenic cells from any kind of stem cells.…”

Section: Molecular Regulation Of Cardiac Specificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular determinants of cardiac specification

López-Sánchez

García‐Martínez

2011

Cardiovascular Research

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In this review, we report and analyse the molecular factors involved in cardiogenesis from the earliest stages of development, using mainly the chick embryo as a model. The first part of the review demonstrates the areas where cardiogenic cells are located from gastrula stages, analysing a brief summary of the fate map of cardiogenic cells, from the epiblast through to the primitive heart tube. The next part analyses the commitment of pre-cardiac cells in cardiogenesis before, during, and after ingression through the primitive streak. Throughout the different journeys of the pre-cardiac cells, from the origin on the epiblast level up to the constitution of the tubular heart in the mid-line, the genes involved in the different stages of the process of cardiogenesis are very numerous. These have a greater or lesser importance depending on their specificity and the order in which they appear, bearing in mind that they become more valuable as the developmental process advances and the precursor cells start acquiring the commitment of pre-cardiac cells. Next, we show some box-filled diagrams to illustrate the dynamic gene expression pattern throughout the early stages of heart development, grouping the genes by their chronological significance. Finally, we discuss the implications that this temporal genomic expression could have in the induction and specification of the different types of cells and regions of the heart.

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The heart forming region of early chick embryo is an alternative source of embryonic stem cells

Cited by 3 publications

References 42 publications

Autophagy is involved in ethanol-induced cardia bifida during chick cardiogenesis

Autophagy is involved in ethanol-induced cardia bifida during chick cardiogenesis

Autophagy is involved in high glucose-induced heart tube malformation

Molecular determinants of cardiac specification

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