The heart of an acrobatic bird

Barske, Julia; Eghbali, Mansour; Kosarussavadi, Saritha; Choi, Eun Hye; Schlinger, Barney A.

doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.10.010

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Combined with clinical and previous studies, VA has the effect of stimulating androgen secretion (Zang et al, 2016). Androgen has been shown to improve cardiac function, which may be related to altering the key proteins involved in Ca 2+ handling (Ribeiro et al, 2018;Barske et al, 2019). Besides, we found that there was no significant positive correlation between the dose and efficacy of VA, which was an interesting result.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Velvet Antler Ameliorates Cardiac Function by Restoring Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase Activity in Rats With Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction

Shi

Zhao

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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Objective: Velvet antler (VA; cornu cervi pantotrichum), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, has been shown to exert cardioprotective effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of VA on heart failure (HF) caused by ischemia-reperfusion, and explore its possible mechanism from the regulation of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2 alpha (SERCA2a).Methods: A rat model of HF was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery of male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 88). One week after surgery, VA (200, 400, or 800 mg/[kg day−1]) or enalapril (1 mg/[kg day−1]) was administered daily for the next 4 weeks. Heart function was detected by echocardiography and histopathological analysis. The serum BNP level was measured by ELISA, and the expression of SERCA2a, PLB, PLB-Ser16, and PKA was determined by western blotting. SERCA2a and PLB mRNA levels were determined by real-time quantitative PCR.Results: Compared with the sham group, cardiac function in the HF group, including the serum BNP level, heart mass index, myocardial collagen deposition, and left ventricular ejection fraction, was markedly reduced; however, these changes could be reversed by VA treatment. In addition, VA (200 mg/[kg·d−1]) inhibited the decrease of SERCA2a and PLB mRNA levels and SERCA2a, PLB, PLB-Ser16, and PKA protein expression and restored the activity of SERCA2a and PKA. Enalapril affected only PLB protein expression.Conclusion: VA can improve myocardial fibrosis and ventricular remodeling in rats, thereby helping to restore cardiac function. The underlying mechanism may be related to the upregulation of the expression and activation of PKA and PLB and the restoration of the expression and activity of SERCA2a.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Velvet Antler Ameliorates Cardiac Function by Restoring Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase Activity in Rats With Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction

Shi

Zhao

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…We do not know of data that suggests that the variation in these features among birds may be greater than it is in mammals. Also, even though heart weight varies substantially between birds (Nespolo et al, 2018) and, for example, Golden-collared manakins have some 20% greater cardiac mass and left ventricular wall thickness than similar-sized zebra finches (Barske et al, 2019) mammals also have a substantially varied, heart weight (Bishop, 1997;Seymour & Blaylock, 2000). For example, the heart weight of captive pronghorn antelopes is twice that of similarly sized goats (McKean & Walker, 1974).…”

Section: The Mammal Heart Is Likely Exceptional Variedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of avian hearts provides little evidence for variation among species with acquired endothermy

Kroneman

Faber

Schouten

et al. 2019

Journal of Morphology

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Mammals and birds acquired high performance hearts and endothermy during their independent evolution from amniotes with many sauropsid features. A literature review shows that the variation in atrial morphology is greater in mammals than in ectothermic sauropsids. We therefore hypothesized that the transition from ectothermy to endothermy was associated with greater variation in cardiac structure. We tested the hypothesis in 14 orders of birds by assessing the variation in 15 cardiac structures by macroscopic inspection and histology, with an emphasis on the atria as they have multiple features that lend themselves to quantification. We found bird hearts to have multiple features in common with ectothermic sauropsids (synapomorphies), such as the presence of three sinus horns. Convergent features were shared with crocodylians and mammals, such as the cranial offset of the left atrioventricular junction. Other convergent features, like the compact organization of the atrial walls, were shared with mammals only. Pacemaker myocardium, identified by Isl1 expression, was anatomically node‐like (Mallard), thickened (Chicken), or indistinct (Lesser redpoll, Jackdaw). Some features were distinctly avian, (autapomorphies) including the presence of a left atrial antechamber and the ventral merger of the left and right atrial auricles, which was found in some species of parrots and passerines. Most features, however, exhibited little variation. For instance, there were always three systemic veins and two pulmonary veins, whereas among mammals there are 2–3 and 1–7, respectively. Our findings suggest that the transition to high cardiac performance does not necessarily lead to a greater variation in cardiac structure.

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“…Another possible explanation could be that the adjustment of Q is produced by the Frank-Starling mechanism or contractility. Finally, the small increase in HR in response to exercise in these vertebrates may show the increase complexity of the control mechanisms that alter HR throughout evolution [7,56,74,[90][91][92][93][94][95][96]. During strenuous physical exercise and VO2max conditions, Thoroughbred horses can reach an HRmax close to 220 bpm, and maximum values ranging from 180 to 200 bpm have been found in humans at a similar exercise intensity.…”

Section: Adjustment Of the Hr To Exercise In Vertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the cardiovascular system of birds and mammals is completely divided into a pulmonary circuit, with low pressure, leaving the right ventricle to irrigate the lungs through the pulmonary artery, and a systemic circuit, with high pressure, originating from the left ventricle through the aorta to perfuse the rest of the body [56][57][58][59]. However, comparisons of the cardiovascular anatomy among genera and families, both of birds and mammals, reveal some differences [60][61][62].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Response to Exercise in Vertebrates: Update

López-Román,

Gómez-Lucas,

Jiménez-Herranz

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Physical exercise is the greatest stress on the cardiovascular system, not only in humans but also in all vertebrates. Consequently, the cardiovascular response cannot be thought of as having only one "anthropocentric" interpretation. The modulation of cardiac output (Q) in response to exercise in the five major groups of vertebrates exhibits considerable variability. Moreover, the response of the heart rate (HR) and the stroke volume (SV), the fundamental factors that cause the rise in Q, is also highly variable. The difference in the range of HR is difficult to determine in many vertebrates, both at rest and at maximal effort. Additionally, the increase in SV varies among vertebrates. For example, while rainbow trout and leopards increase their SV by increasing end diastolic volume (EDV), humans do so at the expense of both increasing EDV and reducing end systolic volume (ESV). The variation in arterial pressure that arises during exercise varies notably among vertebrates, such as amphibians, whose blood pressure values do not increase as significantly as in mammals. Such differences in cardiovascular response among vertebrates may be linked to their habitat or living environment. This review aims to analyze the cardiovascular response of vertebrates to physical exercise as the most common stressor.

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The heart of an acrobatic bird

Cited by 11 publications

References 46 publications

Velvet Antler Ameliorates Cardiac Function by Restoring Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase Activity in Rats With Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction

Velvet Antler Ameliorates Cardiac Function by Restoring Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase Activity in Rats With Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction

Comparative analysis of avian hearts provides little evidence for variation among species with acquired endothermy

Cardiovascular Response to Exercise in Vertebrates: Update

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