The heating of substrates beneath basaltic lava flows

Tsang, Sophia W. R.; Lindsay, Jan M.; Coco, Giovanni; Wysocki, R.; Lerner, Geoffrey A.; Rader, Erika; Turner, Gillian; Kennedy, Ben

doi:10.1007/s00445-019-1320-y

Cited by 16 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Blong 1984;Oppenheimer 2011;Harris 2015;Kilburn 2015). While the resulting damage is frequently total, recent research (Tsang 2019a(Tsang , 2019b and recent eruptions suggest that lava flows can also cause progressive, complex impacts. For example some lava flow damage may depend on the properties of the flow; in the case of buried infrastructure, such as electric cables or water pipes, the impact depends on the thickness and duration of the overriding flow as thermal impacts become progressively worse the longer the lava flow is active (Tsang 2019a(Tsang , 2019b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the resulting damage is frequently total, recent research (Tsang 2019a(Tsang , 2019b and recent eruptions suggest that lava flows can also cause progressive, complex impacts. For example some lava flow damage may depend on the properties of the flow; in the case of buried infrastructure, such as electric cables or water pipes, the impact depends on the thickness and duration of the overriding flow as thermal impacts become progressively worse the longer the lava flow is active (Tsang 2019a(Tsang , 2019b. Anecdotes from after the 1973 Vestmannaeyjar Volcanic Field eruption on Heimaey Island (Iceland) suggest that some structures with which lava flows come into contact can still be used after the eruption (Williams and Moore 1983); this can also be seen in the partial damage to buildings and infrastructure on the flanks of Mt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Lava flow crises in inhabited areas part I: lessons learned and research gaps related to effusive, basaltic eruptions

Tsang

Lindsay

2020

J Appl. Volcanol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lava flows have threatened and/or inundated inhabited areas and/or their supporting networks 38 times at 12 volcanoes in the past 70 years. A systematic evaluation of these events has not been undertaken, making it hard to compare eruptions, create lava flow vulnerability models to support impact assessments, and deduce best practices for managing lava flow crises. In this paper, we summarise all 38 basaltic lava flow crises and conduct a gap analysis by evaluating published literature. Eleven data types that could support enhanced physical impact studies and/or research on the societal effects of lava flows were identified. Four of the data types (preparation actions and narrative, eruption narrative, response narrative, and evacuation data) have been well-documented (i.e. documented in at least half the eruptions). Communication approaches and recovery narratives have been included in at least a quarter of the studied eruptions, and their documentation in the literature is increasing with time. Five data types (lava flow attribute data, detailed physical impact data, and information on lava flow hazard modelling, community reactions, and applications of learnings) have only been documented a handful of times each. We suggest that standardisation of data collection and data storage could increase the frequency with which these data types are documented. Finally, we use the case studies to extract lessons about how community understanding of volcanic hazards influences community resilience and how lava flow modelling can inform planning. We also describe lessons relating to evacuation processes, mitigation methods, and recovery.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lava flow crises in inhabited areas part I: lessons learned and research gaps related to effusive, basaltic eruptions

Tsang

Lindsay

2020

J Appl. Volcanol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the case of buried infrastructure, the gravitational basal pressure exerted by the lava flow would be well distributed over the large area covered by the basal crust, and thus, is unlikely to pose a substantial hazard. However, the heat transferred from the lava flow into the ground can be significant (e.g., Wilson 1962;Ishihara et al 1989;Patrick et al 2004;Fujita and Nagai 2016;Tsang et al 2019b) and, therefore, could cause hazardous conditions for buried infrastructure. We note that thermal erosion of up to 10 cm/day has been documented (Peterson et al 1994;Kauahikaua et al 1998) and occurs when sufficient heat is transferred into the ground (e.g., Bussey et al 1995Bussey et al , 1997Fagents and Greeley 2001;Kerr 2009).…”

Section: Lava Flow Hazard Intensity Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…comm. ), the amount of time between lava flow inundation and when critical temperatures are reached ranges substantially, from near instantaneous to weeks or longer (Tsang et al 2019b). Stakeholders responsible for maintaining electricity networks located near volcanoes have expressed strong concerns about the amount and rate of heat transferred from the lava flow into the substrate as elevated temperatures can cause both temporary loss of function and/or long-term damage.…”

Section: Thermal Operating Conditions Of Buried Infrastructure Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Thermal impacts of basaltic lava flows to buried infrastructure: workflow to determine the hazard

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lava flows can cause substantial physical damage to elements of the built environment. Often, lava flow impacts are assumed to be binary, i.e. cause complete damage if the lava flow and asset are in contact, or no damage if there is no direct contact. According to this paradigm, buried infrastructure would not be expected to sustain damage if a lava flow traverses the ground above. However, infrastructure managers ("stakeholders") have expressed concern about potential lava flow damage to such assets. We present a workflow to assess the thermal hazard posed by lava flows to buried infrastructure. This workflow can be applied in a pre-defined scenario. The first step in this workflow is to select an appropriate lava flow model(s) and simulate the lava flow's dimensions, or to measure an in situ lava flow's dimensions. Next, stakeholders and the modellers collaborate to identify where the lava flow traverses buried network(s) of interest as well as the thermal operating conditions of these networks. Alternatively, instead of direct collaboration, this step could be done by overlaying the flow's areal footprint on local infrastructure maps, and finding standard and maximum thermal operating conditions in the literature. After, the temperature of the lava flow at the intersection point(s) is modelled or extracted from the results of the first step. Fourth, the lava flow-substrate heat transfer is calculated. Finally, the heat transfer results are simplified based on the pre-identified thermal operating conditions. We illustrate how this workflow can be applied in an Auckland Volcanic Field (New Zealand) case study. Our case study demonstrates considerable heat is transferred from the hypothetical lava flow into the ground and that maximum operating temperatures for electric cables are exceeded within 1 week of the lava flow front's arrival at the location of interest. An exceedance of maximum operating temperatures suggests that lava flows could cause thermal damage to buried infrastructure, although mitigation measures may be possible.

show abstract

Simulation of post-volcanic eruption time variant land use and economic impacts in the Auckland region of New Zealand

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The heating of substrates beneath basaltic lava flows

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

Lava flow crises in inhabited areas part I: lessons learned and research gaps related to effusive, basaltic eruptions

Lava flow crises in inhabited areas part I: lessons learned and research gaps related to effusive, basaltic eruptions

Thermal impacts of basaltic lava flows to buried infrastructure: workflow to determine the hazard

Simulation of post-volcanic eruption time variant land use and economic impacts in the Auckland region of New Zealand

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About