The Heidelberg Airborne Imaging DOAS Instrument (HAIDI) –  a novel Imaging DOAS device for 2-D and 3-D imaging of trace gases and aerosols

General, Stephan; Pöhler, Denis; Sihler, Holger; Bobrowski, Nicole; Frieß, Udo; Zielcke, Johannes; Horbanski, Martin; Shepson, P. B.; Stirm, B. H.; Simpson, W. R.; Weber, Konradin; Fischer, Christian; Platt, U.

doi:10.5194/amtd-7-2187-2014

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Though their column densities were below the detection limits of our instrument in the weak plumes encountered during our survey on 16 July 2021, the halogen oxides BrO, OClO, and IO have all been measured in more vigorous volcanic plumes with DOAS instruments Theys et al, 2009General et al, 2014a;Schönhardt et al, 2017;Kern and Lyons, 2018). These species are not primarily emitted from volcanoes, but instead are formed from primary volcanogenic emissions in a complex series of chemical reactions that occur as the plume ages and constituents are mixed with background air Kelly et al, 2013;.…”

Section: Imaging Volcanic Gases Other Than Somentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Markus et al test a variety of plume identification algorithms on the operational TROPOMI SO 2 product and identify the DBSCAN multi-class classification algorithms (Ester et al, 1996) as the most promising category for plume classification and segmentation in operational environments. In situations where even greater resolution or sensitivity are needed, airborne Imaging DOAS techniques offer a solution General et al, 2014a). Kern and Kelly describe the implementation of an airborne Imaging DOAS system specifically for remote sensing of volcanic emissions and demonstrate its capabilities in an airborne gas survey of volcanoes in Alaska.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Remote sensing of volcanic gas emissions from the ground, air, and space

2023

Frontiers Research Topics

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Frontiers is more than just an open access publisher of scholarly articles: it is a pioneering approach to the world of academia, radically improving the way scholarly research is managed. The grand vision of Frontiers is a world where all people have an equal opportunity to seek, share and generate knowledge. Frontiers provides immediate and permanent online open access to all its publications, but this alone is not enough to realize our grand goals. Frontiers journal seriesThe Frontiers journal series is a multi-tier and interdisciplinary set of openaccess, online journals, promising a paradigm shift from the current review, selection and dissemination processes in academic publishing. All Frontiers journals are driven by researchers for researchers; therefore, they constitute a service to the scholarly community. At the same time, the Frontiers journal series operates on a revolutionary invention, the tiered publishing system, initially addressing specific communities of scholars, and gradually climbing up to broader public understanding, thus serving the interests of the lay society, too. Dedication to qualityEach Frontiers article is a landmark of the highest quality, thanks to genuinely collaborative interactions between authors and review editors, who include some of the world's best academicians. Research must be certified by peers before entering a stream of knowledge that may eventually reach the public -and shape society; therefore, Frontiers only applies the most rigorous and unbiased reviews. Frontiers revolutionizes research publishing by freely delivering the most outstanding research, evaluated with no bias from both the academic and social point of view. By applying the most advanced information technologies, Frontiers is catapulting scholarly publishing into a new generation. What are Frontiers Research Topics?Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers journals series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area.

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Section: Imaging Volcanic Gases Other Than Somentioning

confidence: 77%

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confidence: 99%

Remote sensing of volcanic gas emissions from the ground, air, and space

2023

Frontiers Research Topics

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“…Strictly speaking, our Imaging DOAS measurements do not fulfill these assumptions because light is collected from a range of angles forming a swath above the aircraft. Therefore, each SCD must be multiplied by the cosine of the measurement zenith angle to obtain a geometrical approximation of the vertical column density (General et al, 2014b). However, as our swath angle θ is 27.2 deg (Figure 5), the maximum measurement zenith angle during level flight is only 13.6 deg, which yields a geometrical correction of less than 3%.…”

Section: Sensitivity To Trace Gas Plumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weak degassing from remote Alaska volcanoes characterized with a new airborne imaging DOAS instrument and a suite of in situ sensors

Kern

Kelly

2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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Gas emissions from volcanoes occur when volatile species exsolve from magmatic and hydrothermal systems and make their way to the surface. Measurements of emitted gases therefore provide insights into volcanic processes. On 16 July 2021, we made airborne measurements of weak gas plumes emitted from four remote Alaska volcanoes: Iliamna Volcano, Mount Douglas, Mount Martin, and Mount Mageik. Integrated into a small fixed-wing aircraft, a new Imaging Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) instrument was used to map the spatial extent of SO2 plumes as they drifted downwind. Contrary to conventional Mobile DOAS instruments, which provide only a single viewing direction, the Imaging DOAS simultaneously measures SO2 column density along 48 individual viewing directions oriented in a swath above or below the aircraft. Each of the individual measurements have a comparable precision and sensitivity to those obtained by conventional instruments. Together, they provide high resolution 2D imagery of the volcanic plumes and allow calculation of limited emission rate time series information. Although zenith-facing DOAS measurements achieve greater accuracy and are performed here, the application of the Imaging DOAS in a nadir-facing setup is also discussed and compared to satellite observations made in similar geometries. Also onboard the aircraft, a suite of electrochemical and optical sensors measured the relative abundances of the six major volcanic volatile species H2O, CO2, SO2, H2S, HCl, and HF as the aircraft passed through the plumes. Mean SO2 emission rates of 90 ± 10, 20 ± 3, and 13 ± 3 t/d were measured at Iliamna Volcano, Mount Douglas, and Mount Martin, respectively. SO2 emissions were below the DOAS detection limit at Mount Mageik but CO2 and H2S could be measured with the in situ sensors. The information gleaned from these measurements was used to assess and compare activity at these volcanoes, all of which were found to be in a state of background degassing but whose emissions pointed to different source conditions ranging from mixed magmatic-hydrothermal to purely hydrothermal in character. Additional measurements at Mount Spurr, Redoubt Volcano, and Augustine Volcano failed to detect the very weak gas concentrations downwind of these persistently degassing vents.

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“…Markus et al test a variety of plume identification algorithms on the operational TROPOMI SO 2 product and identify the DBSCAN multi-class classification algorithms (Ester et al, 1996) as the most promising category for plume classification and segmentation in operational environments. In situations where even greater resolution or sensitivity are needed, airborne Imaging DOAS techniques offer a solution (Louban et al, 2009;General et al, 2014a). Kern and Kelly describe the implementation of an airborne Imaging DOAS system specifically for remote sensing of volcanic emissions and demonstrate its capabilities in an airborne gas survey of volcanoes in Alaska.…”

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confidence: 99%

Editorial: Remote sensing of volcanic gas emissions from the ground, air, and space

Kern,

Arellano,

Campion

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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Editorial on the Research Topic Remote sensing of volcanic gas emissions from the ground, air, and space When magma rises in volcanic systems, volatile species exsolve from the melt and are outgassed to the atmosphere. The melt composition and temperature, depth at which degassing occurs, extent of gas-water-rock interactions, and volume of ascending magma are all factors that determine the composition and rate of gas emissions at the surface. Interpreted in a petrological framework, gas measurements thus provide information on these fundamental parameters of volcanic systems. Volcanic gases have traditionally been sampled in the field and later analyzed with standard laboratory methods (Giggenbach, 1975;Symonds et al., 1994), but remote sensing measurements are playing an increasingly central role in characterizing emissions and the volcanoes from which they originate. The 17 contributions in this Research Topic summarize the state-of-the-art in volcanic gas remote sensing and identify key areas in which the field could further improve our understanding of global volcanism and its impact on Earth's environment in the next decade.First introduced approximately 20 years ago as a successor to the popular correlation spectrometer (COSPEC, Moffat and Millan, 1971), miniature differential optical absorption spectrometers (DOAS, Galle et al., 2002;Edmonds et al., 2003) today represent the most established form of ground-based volcanic gas remote sensing. DOAS instruments have been installed at > 50 volcanoes worldwide, many as part of the Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change (NOVAC, Galle et al., 2010; Arellano et al., 2021). These instruments allow for collection and analysis of continuous daytime observations of SO 2 emission rates which have shown to be of great value in characterizing volcanic systems. Gutiérrez et al. review the known record of gas emissions from Santa Ana and San Miguel volcanoes, El Salvador. The DOAS data are supplemented with in situ measurements of the volcanic gas composition, resulting in a detailed record of baseline activity to which future measurements can be compared. Kunrat et al. perform a statistical analysis of emission rates leading up to explosive episodes at Sinabung volcano (Indonesia) in 2016-2021. The authors find that SO 2 emissions were usually lower during the 3 days preceding explosions than was

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The Heidelberg Airborne Imaging DOAS Instrument (HAIDI) – a novel Imaging DOAS device for 2-D and 3-D imaging of trace gases and aerosols

Cited by 5 publications

References 50 publications

Remote sensing of volcanic gas emissions from the ground, air, and space

Remote sensing of volcanic gas emissions from the ground, air, and space

Weak degassing from remote Alaska volcanoes characterized with a new airborne imaging DOAS instrument and a suite of in situ sensors

Editorial: Remote sensing of volcanic gas emissions from the ground, air, and space

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