The hepatic effects in dams that ingested 2-aminoanthracene during gestation and lactation

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus has been on a continual rise as one of the top chronic diseases to affect individuals worldwide. The goal of this study was to determine how exposure from a well-known toxicant, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon called 2-aminoanthracene (2AA), could potentially lead to diabetes, damage the liver, and have negative effects to the offspring. Humans are exposed to 2AA from foods cooked in high heat and tobacco smoke, among others. To analyze the effects of 2AA, three groups of Sprague Dawley dams consumed an adulterated 2AA diet from gestation to their postnatal period. Timed-pregnant dams ingested 0 mg/kg (control group (C)), 50 mg/kg (low dose group (LD)), and 100 mg/kg (high dose group (HD)) 2AA. Hepatic gene expressions of Adam8, Bax, Ccng1, CD68, CD93, Cdkn1c, and Ddit4 indicated a significant overexpression of Bax, Ccng1, CD68, CD93, and Cdkn1c in treated groups. Although there was no significant difference in the damage to the liver architecture by 2AA, the positively stained CD68+ cells were slightly increased in treated rats. Significant decreases in the albumin and aspartate aminotransferase levels might indicate an inflammatory response from 2AA exposure in dams. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration was also decreased, in contrast to studies of liver cirrhosis that reported increased serum IgA concentration. Overexpression of genes Ddit4, Cdkn1c, Ccng1, Bax, CD93, and CD68 point to hepatic inflammation and apoptosis. Overall results suggest a link between environmental 2AA exposure and adverse liver effects, which has potential to increase susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and other diseases.

Ecotoxicity and Associated Threat of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) to Biodiversity: A Review

“…It also elicits DNA adduct formation and apoptosis further resulting in tumour and carcinogenicity of the rat liver (Trilecová et al, 2011). Recent research also affirmed that PAHs exposure leads to hepatic inflammation and apoptosis, and increase in susceptibility to diabetes type 2 and other related abnormalities (Ulieme et al, 2019).…”

“…In addition, studies have reported immune toxicity resulting from oral consumption of food (Fakolade et al, 2017). Furthermore, the severing of the immune system due to buildup of PAHs caused DNA-Adducts in several organs of the body and resulted in cancer (Ulieme et al, 2019).…”

“…Further, children given birth to in towns contaminated with PAHs like Teplice were reported to have developed multiple health challenges including: growth retardation, respiratory malfunctions and stunted intra-uterine growth (Pratt et al, 2011). Research further demonstrated that PAHs exposure led to the liver inflammation that resulted in cirrhosis (Ulieme et al, 2019). In addition, PAHs was established in prenatal exposure causing behavioural problems, lowering in IQ, Asthma and DNA adduct that resulted in cancer (Drwal et al, 2019).…”