The Hepatoprotective Effect of Taurisolo, a Nutraceutical Enriched in Resveratrol and Polyphenols, Involves Activation of Mitochondrial Metabolism in Mice Liver

Abstract

Liver diseases affect millions of people worldwide. In most of the cases, severe hepatic dysfunction and liver cancer stem from mild and common clinical signs including hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, liver inflammation, and oxidative stress, all together referred to as Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Nutraceuticals endowed with antioxidant activity have been shown to reduce NAFLD risk factors and exert hepatoprotective effects. Here, we test the protective effect exerted on liver by the antioxidant Taurisolo, a nutraceutical formulation produced by grape pomace and enriched in Resveratrol and Polyphenols. We analyze the effect of Taurisolo on liver cells by profiling the metabolome of in vitro cultured hepatic HuH7 cells and of C57BL-6J mice fed a High Fat Diet and treated with the nutraceutical. Both in vitro and in vivo, we provide evidence that Taurisolo reduces risk factor markers associated with NAFLD. Taurisolo stimulates glucose uptake and reduces hepatic cholesterol and serum triglycerides. Furthermore, we give new insights into the mechanism of action of Taurisolo. The nutraceutical increases mitochondrial activity and promotes respiration and ATP production, fostering catabolic reactions like fatty acid β-oxidation and amino acid catabolism. On the contrary, Taurisolo reduces anabolic reactions like biosynthesis of cholesterol, bile acids, and plasma membrane lipids.

The Interplay between Oxidative Stress and miRNAs in Obesity-Associated Hepatic and Vascular Complications

“…In this regard, polyphenols are the most studied antioxidants. For instance, the polyphenolic SIRT1 activator resveratrol improves mitochondrial dysfunction and antioxidant capacity in both NAFLD and CVDs [ 108 , 109 ]. Furthermore, the transcriptional activity of Nrf2 is induced by apigenin, a flavonoid polyphenol, and by plant polysaccharides, promoting antioxidant defenses in NAFLD [ 110 , 111 , 112 ].…”

Hepatoprotective and therapeutic effects of resveratrol: A focus on anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative activities

“…The impact of antioxidant Taurisolo, a nutraceutical formula developed with grape pomace and enriched with RES and polyphenols, on liver was shown by Badolati et al The data pertaining to this hypothesis were obtained in vitro in HuH7 cells that underwent treatment for 72 h with 800 mg/L of Taurisolo and also in vivo in C57BL/6 mice given a high fat diet and administrated Taurisolo (123 mg/kg/diet) for a total of 4 weeks. It is shown in both in vitro and in vivo that Taurisolo decreases risk factor markers linked to NAFLD [70].…”

Genotoxic Assessment of Nutraceuticals Obtained from Agricultural Biowaste: Where Do We “AMES”?

“…Winemaking industry generates a large amount of waste (mainly grape pomace and stalks), that still results rich in bioactive compounds, mainly polyphenols, including stilbenes, phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins and oligomeric procyanidins [75]. The absence of genotoxicity of a grape pomace extract destined for human consumption was shown non genotoxic by Badolati and colleagues using the Ames test (S. Tiphymurium TA100, TA98, TA1537, TA1535 and Escherichia coli doses up to 5 mg/plate) [64].…”