“…Historic reinforced concrete (HRC) structures built until the first half of the twentieth century include different type of buildings such as churches and museums, but also warlike buildings (i.e., bunkers, fortifications, air-raid shelters, military structures) that have their own significance. These structures have been long characterized by a lack of awareness regarding their heritage value but over the last decades, they have been invested by a new understanding as social, historical, and economic resource, leading to a rising consciousness of the importance of investigating concrete material in the built heritage for its conservation (Figenschau, 2019). Their huge dimensions and massive envelope together with their proximity to urban centres all over Europe, make them unique architectural landmarks and offer the opportunity to repurpose the original intended use, taking advantage of their monumental construction.…”