The Heterogeneous Effect of COVID-19 on the Gender Gap in Iran

Yousefi, Kowsar; Pilvar, Hanifa; Farajnia, Salman

doi:10.1093/sp/jxab045

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…As examples of models of event studies, see Radulescu et al (2020), Lemieux et al (2020) and Yousefi et al (2022), who assess the impact of COVID-19 on, respectively, Romanian, Canadian and Iranian labor markets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of studies in many countries show that many women have been unemployed or out of the market following the initiation of the pandemic (Adams-Prassl et al, 2020;Andrew et al, 2022;Collins et al, 2021;Pouliakas and Branka, 2020). Similar to other countries, in a developing country like Iran many women have exited the market rather than staying active and seeking jobs (Yousefi et al, 2022). The type of sectorial affiliation (e.g.…”

Section: Background In the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are scholars who focus on common sense and the big picture (Rose, 2020;Autor and Reynolds, 2020). Some others provide data statistics, using statistical scores or event studies models, which are presenting data facts rather than identifying the causal effect of COVID-19 (Del Boca et al, 2020;Crossley et al, 2021;Lemieux et al, 2020;Radulescu et al, 2020;Yousefi et al, 2022;Einian and Tabarraei, 2020). Overall, our choice of the LPM stands at the beginning of a newly established literature that has a long way to be mature and more complicated in modeling.…”

Section: Background In the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Does COVID-19 disrupt competition? Evidence from Iran

Yousefi¹,

Taiebnia

2023

JES

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PurposeFollowing the COVID-19 outbreak, there are concerns whether economies are becoming farther from equality and competency. While this matters to every economy, it is more crucial for developing ones who already suffer from income inequalities and lack of competency. The purpose of this paper is to address this issue.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses an administrative data from the Iran's Social Security Organization (ISSO) that provides insurance to workers entitled to the Labor Law of Iran. The data contain more than 7,000,000 workers. The authors assess heterogeneous impact of the first wave of the pandemic by firms' size and average payment.FindingsThe authors’ estimation results indicate that, following the initiation of the pandemic, the workers whose corresponding firms are smaller, overall, are more prone to the pandemic and are more likely to submit a request for unemployment benefits. However, the relation is neither homogeneous across sectors nor linear among micro-sized firms. Few sectors indicate a positive relationship between size and likelihood of request submission, including cultural activity, shoemaking and clothing sectors. Besides the size, the authors investigate whether pay grades could explain the probability of becoming unemployed after the pandemic. Results show that workers whose corresponding firms pay less are more likely to submit a request. This is robust within different sectors.Research limitations/implicationsThe ISSO dataset is not a panel, so the authors cannot employ methods of causal inferences. The authors’ results should be seen as correlation; however, due to exogeneity and sharpness of the pandemic the result infers to some degree of causality. The data does not cover the informal sector, so the estimates are at lower boundary.Originality/valueAdministrative data on unemployment benefits during COVID-19 show that the pandemic interferes with competition by forcing low-paid workers and small firms to exit the market. This is an alarm for the competition in every economy, specially developing ones.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Background In the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Background In the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Does COVID-19 disrupt competition? Evidence from Iran

Yousefi¹,

Taiebnia

2023

JES

Self Cite

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“…Dang and Viet Nguyen (2021) identified that due to the pandemic, women were 24% more likely to permanently lose their job than men, and their labor income fell by a further 50%. Yousefi et al (2022) observed the heterogeneous impacts of the downturn on the employment of women in Iran. Women disproportionately exited the labor market, but when remaining in it, their working hours were less affected than men's.…”

Section: A Dynamic Overview Of Gender Gap In Employmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of COVID‐19 on employment: A bibliometric review of a she‐cession

Enciso‐Alfaro,

Marhroub,

Martínez‐Córdoba

et al. 2024

Corp Soc Responsibility Env

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The effort to close the gender gaps in employment is one of the priorities worldwide to help address the disparity that exists between men and women in terms of rights and opportunities and to grow the economy in a sustainable way. Several academics and international organizations are interested in understanding its evolution, as well as the reasons and consequences of its existence. In this sense, the crisis alters the labor markets, affecting male and female employment ratios to varying degrees. To determine the foundations and consequences of the COVID‐19 in the labor sphere: we first discuss the most relevant international analysis of employment in pre‐and post‐COVID‐19 times. Second, we synthesize the state of the art of the most relevant literature on gender gap in employment and its drivers, especially those related to the impact of the coronavirus. To achieve this, we revised 731 papers since 1989 until January 2024. The reports of different organizations, as well as scientific studies indicate that the coronavirus has represented a setback for female empowerment. This is evident in higher rates of destroyed employment due to the pandemic impact on more feminized sectors, and women have assumed greater responsibilities at home compared to males. With a sample of 394 articles published between 2020 and January 2024, we employed a bibliometric approach to understand the evolution of scientific research on the subject. Our results provide a theoretical and conceptual framework that facilitates academic progress in understanding gender inequality, as well as practical guidance in identifying gaps.

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