The Hidden Effect of Estrogenic/Antiandrogenic Methoxychlor on Spermatogenesis

Staub, Christophe; Hardy, Vince; Chapin, Robert E.; Harris, Martha; Johnson, Larry

doi:10.1006/taap.2002.9369

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…We showed that the MXC-treated rats had fewer spermatogonia per Sertoli cell than did the control group [48]. When the different types of spermatogonia were identified, it appeared that MXC particularly affected early spermatogonia [48]. To put these results in the context of the current MXC study, the effect of a reduced number of spermatogonia could drive a reduced need for Sertoli cells and the resulting reduction in their number in adults.…”

Section: Stereologymentioning

confidence: 77%

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The pesticide methoxychlor given orally during the perinatal/juvenile period, reduced the spermatogenic potential of males as adults by reducing their Sertoli cell number

et al. 2002

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-Perinatal and juvenile oral treatment of rats with the insecticide, methoxychlor (MXC), reduced testicular size and other reproductive indices including the number of epididymal spermatozoa in those animals as adults [6]. The objective was to determine if these males exposed during development had fewer Sertoli cells which might explain these testicular effects. Rat dams were gavaged with MXC at 0, 5, 50, or 150 mg . kg -1 . day -1 for the week before and after they gave birth. Resulting male pups (15/group) then were dosed directly from postnatal day 7 to 42. Testes were fixed in Bouin's and in OsO4, embedded in Epon and sectioned at 0.5 mm, stained with toluidine blue, and evaluated stereologically or cut at 20 mm to measure Sertoli cell nuclei with Nomarski optics. Sertoli cell number was calculated as the volume density of the nucleus times the parenchymal weight (90% of testicular weight) divided by the volume of a single Sertoli cell nucleus. Across dose groups, there were no changes in the nuclear volume density, the volume of a single nucleus, or the number of Sertoli cells per g parenchyma. There were highly significant dose-related changes in the volume of Sertoli cell nuclei per testis and the number of Sertoli cells per testis. Reduced testicular weight (r = 0.94) and reduced numbers of epididymal spermatozoa (r = 0.43) were significantly (p < 0.01) correlated to reduced number of Sertoli cells per testis. Hence, perinatal and juvenile oral exposure to MXC can reduce spermatogenic potential of males as adults by reducing their number of Sertoli cells. methoxychlor / estrogenic / oral exposure / Sertoli cell number Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 42 (2002) 573-580 573

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Section: Stereologymentioning

confidence: 77%

“…We have recently confirmed this result in a study about the effects of MXC on male germ cells. We showed that the MXC-treated rats had fewer spermatogonia per Sertoli cell than did the control group [48]. When the different types of spermatogonia were identified, it appeared that MXC particularly affected early spermatogonia [48].…”

Section: Stereologymentioning

confidence: 79%

The pesticide methoxychlor given orally during the perinatal/juvenile period, reduced the spermatogenic potential of males as adults by reducing their Sertoli cell number

et al. 2002

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“…Methoxychlor, a member of the organochlorine family, is considered to be an excellent substitute for nondegradable dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and is now being widely used as an insecticide. Methoxychlor exhibits estrogenic properties in vivo and has been shown to induce abnormalities in male reproductive system [4]. Reported effects of methoxychlor on male reproduction include delayed sexual maturity, decrease in testis weight, atrophy of epididymis, prostate and seminal vesicles, impaired steroidogenesis, decreased epididymal sperm count, and viability at doses between 20-500 mg/kg body weight/day [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methoxychlor‐induced alteration in the levels of HSP70 and clusterin is accompanied with oxidative stress in adult rat testis

Selvaraju

Saradha

Mathur

2009

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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Methoxychlor, an organochlorine pesticide, has been reported to induce abnormalities in male reproductive tract. However, the insight into the mechanisms of gonadal toxicity induced by methoxychlor is not well known. We investigated whether treatment with methoxychlor would alter the levels of stress proteins, heat shock proteins (HSP), and clusterin (CLU), and oxidative stress-related parameters in the testis of adult male rats. Animals were exposed to a single dose of methoxychlor (50 mg/kg body weight) orally and were terminated at various time points (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 72 h) using anesthetic ether. The levels of HSP70, CLU, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and lipid peroxidation levels were evaluated in a 10% testis homogenate. A sequential reduction in the activities of catalase and SOD with concomitant increase in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) was observed. These changes elicited by methoxychlor were very significant between 6-12 h of posttreatment. Immunoblot analysis of HSP revealed the expression of HSP72, an inducible form of HSP, at certain time points (3-24 h) following exposure to methoxychlor. Similarly, the levels of secretory CLU (sCLU) were also found to be elevated between 3-24 h of treatment. The present data demonstrate methoxychlor-elicited increase in the levels of inducible HSP72 and sCLU, which could be a part of protective mechanism mounted to reduce cellular oxidative damage.

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“…Despite its relatively low toxicity and short half-life (Metcalf 1976), there is considerable concern for MTX exposure because of its estrogenic activity (Staub et al 2002;Fort et al 2004). This toxic compound mimics endocrine hormone functions in the body, acting as disrupting chemicals, interfering with normal endocrine activity in humans and wildlife (Crisp et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methoxychlor bioremediation by defined consortium of environmental Streptomyces strains

Fuentes

Álvarez

Sáez

et al. 2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Methoxychlor is an organochlorine pesticide used worldwide against several insect pests, resulting in human exposure. This pesticide mimics endocrine hormone functions, interfering with normal endocrine activity in humans and wildlife. For this reason, it is imperative to develop methods to remove this pesticide from the environment, and though, bioremediation using microorganisms results as an excellent strategy. Five Streptomyces spp. strains previously isolated from organochlorine-polluted sites and capable to grow and remove methoxychlor were combined as different mixed cultures to increase methoxychlor removal. From the 39 consortia tested, one consortium (Streptomyces spp. A6, A12, A14, M7) was selected because of its high pesticide removal and specific dechlorinase activity to be assayed on slurry and soil systems. This consortium showed higher biomass values (8.3 9 10 6 ± 5.7 9 10 5 CFU mL -1 ) and methoxychlor removal (56.2 ± 2.3 %) on enriched slurry than in nonenriched slurry (7.3 9 10 5 ± 1.2 9 10 5 CFU mL -1 and 45.6 ± 7.4 % of pesticide removal). In soil systems, Streptomyces consortium showed higher growth (1.0 9 10 11 ± 5.0 9 10 10 CFU g -1 ) than in enriched slurry, although differences in methoxychlor removal between both culture conditions were not statistically significant. Therefore, the selected Streptomyces consortium may be suitable for the development of in situ (soil) and ex situ (slurry bioreactor) bioremediation methods because of their potential to remove methoxychlor from different systems.

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The Hidden Effect of Estrogenic/Antiandrogenic Methoxychlor on Spermatogenesis

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

The pesticide methoxychlor given orally during the perinatal/juvenile period, reduced the spermatogenic potential of males as adults by reducing their Sertoli cell number

The pesticide methoxychlor given orally during the perinatal/juvenile period, reduced the spermatogenic potential of males as adults by reducing their Sertoli cell number

Methoxychlor‐induced alteration in the levels of HSP70 and clusterin is accompanied with oxidative stress in adult rat testis

Methoxychlor bioremediation by defined consortium of environmental Streptomyces strains

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