The hidden winners of renewable energy promotion: Insights into sector-specific wage differentials

Abstract

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Renewable inequity? Women's employment in clean energy in industrialized, emerging and developing economies

“…Although such factors may, to some extent, explain women's underrepresentation in energy sector employment, many women may already work in less-thanoptimal environments for much less pay than they would make in the energy industry and, given the option, would probably prefer work in the energy sector for higher wages. Available research indicates that RE firms do pay considerably more than their non-RE sector peers, but also that on average, women still earn less than men in the RE sector (see Antoni et al, 2015 for findings from Germany). The relatively low share of women in RE companies (17-24%) in OECD countries might actually be another reason for higher wages in this field compared to non-RE companies (Antoni et al, 2015).…”

“…Available research indicates that RE firms do pay considerably more than their non-RE sector peers, but also that on average, women still earn less than men in the RE sector (see Antoni et al, 2015 for findings from Germany). The relatively low share of women in RE companies (17-24%) in OECD countries might actually be another reason for higher wages in this field compared to non-RE companies (Antoni et al, 2015). Because of persistent entrenched male-biased hiring norms in the traditional and RE sectors, women may not be given the option to choose between difficult or dangerous working conditions with low pay and similar conditions with higher pay (McKee, 2014;Carpenter et al, 2015).…”

“…The countries included in this analysis are ones for which I was able to find some reliable secondary information in addition to the one (India) in which I conducted primary research on this topic. In fact, the need to collect data specific to the RE sector in order to inform evidence‐based policymaking is one of the most clear‐cut findings from this study and those of others who have attempted to study employment generation in the sector (see, for example, Antoni et al ., ). Even within the constraints of such limited data availability, it is obvious that there are glaring gender inequalities in RE employment in most countries, as well as some counterintuitive trends; for example, the fact that developing countries and emerging economies are, broadly speaking, creating much larger volumes of employment for women, even if the jobs created are poorly paid and unstable.…”

“…Due to the scarcity of sex-disaggregated statistics on employment in RE, I also relied on data from the broader categories of 'green jobs' and 'clean jobs', as well as related science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) fields, in order to conduct this research. The inclusion of the latter is justified by the fact that employment in the most well-paid sectors of RE, namely, construction, installation, engineering and architecture, tend to require STEM training (Antoni et al, 2015).…”

Estimating the implied cost of carbon in future scenarios using a CGE model: The Case of Colorado

“…They conclude that forward contracts should be implemented to promote competition in distribution and generation sectors. Antoni et al (2015) develop a German data set that allows estimation of employment and wage differentials between renewable energy and other sectors. Policies encouraging renewable energy result in sectoral wage premiums for this.…”