The Hierarchy of Control in the Epidemic of Farm Injury

Dosman, James A.; Hagel, Louise; King, Nathan; Koehncke, Niels; Kirychuk, Shelley; Trask, Catherine; Neudorf, Joshua; Day, Lesley Margaret; Voaklander, Donald C.; Pickett, William

doi:10.1080/1059924x.2015.1048401

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Dosman and colleagues [ 101 ] suggested that these steps could be used as a series of options—selected depending on the agricultural task or process involved. Adherence to a variety of the controls is more reliable in reducing injury risk [ 99 , 101 ]. While, the hierarchy has not been evaluated specifically in relation to children on farms, it has been well documented in workplace injury prevention.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child Farm-Related Injury in Australia: A Review of the Literature

Adams

Kennedy

Cotton

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Children on farms have been identified as a population vulnerable to injury. This review seeks to identify child farm-related injury rates in Australia and to determine the key hazards and contributing risk factors. This critical review utilised the PRISMA guidelines for database searching. Research from the year 2000 onward was included as well as earlier seminal texts. Reference lists were searched, and the relevant research material was explored. Our primary focus was on Australian peer-reviewed literature with international and grey literature examples included. Evidence suggests that there is limited Australian research focusing on child farm-related injuries. Child representation in farm-related injuries in Australia has remained consistent over time, and the key hazards causing these injuries have remained the same for over 20 years. The factors contributing to child rates of farm injury described in the literature include child development and exposure to dangerous environments, the risk-taking culture, multi-generational farming families, lack of supervision, child labour and lack of regulation, limited targeted farm safety programs, underuse of safe play areas, financial priorities and poor understanding and operationalisation of the hierarchy of control. It is well known that children experience injury on farms, and the key hazards that cause this have been clearly identified. However, the level of exposure to hazards and the typical attitudes, behaviours and actions of children and their parents around the farm that contribute to chid injury remain unexplored.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child Farm-Related Injury in Australia: A Review of the Literature

Adams

Kennedy

Cotton

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…With such diversities of hazards and ways of operating associated with the independent natures of farm businesses, it is difficult to recommend environmental modifications that are universal and yet specific to each farm work context. In addition to these specific recommendations, as another prevention approach we have recently demonstrated that adherence to the six steps in a modified hierarchy of control (HOC) has the potential to reduce injury among farm owner-operators ( Dosman et al, 2015 ). Considering the 6 steps in the HOC of 1) hazard identification; 2) risk assessment; 3) procedural controls; 4) personal protection; 5) engineering controls; and 6) elimination of the hazard, it is possible that each of these steps might be specifically undertaken to reduce the likelihood of injury in persons with overweight or obesity undertaking farming activities, irrespective of sex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying and mitigating risks for agricultural injury associated with obesity

King

Janssen

Hagel

et al. 2016

Preventive Medicine Reports

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In some occupational contexts overweight and obesity have been identified as risk factors for injury. The purpose of this study was to examine this hypothesis within farm work environments and then to identify specific opportunities for environmental modification as a preventive strategy. Data on farm-related injuries, height and weight used to calculate body mass index (BMI), and demographic characteristics were from the Phase 2 baseline survey of the Saskatchewan Farm Injury Cohort; a large cross-sectional mail-based survey conducted in Saskatchewan, Canada from January through May 2013. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations between BMI and injury. Injury narratives were explored qualitatively. Findings were inconsistent and differed according to gender. Among women (n = 927), having overweight (adjusted OR: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.29 to 6.70) but not obesity (1.10; 95% CI: 0.35 to 3.43) was associated with an increased odds of incurring a farm-related injury. No strong or statistically significant effects were observed for men (n = 1406) with overweight or obesity. While injury-related challenges associated with obesity have been addressed in other occupational settings via modification of the worksite, such strategies are challenging to implement in farm settings because of the diversity of work tasks and associated hazards. We conclude that the acute effects of overweight in terms of injury do require consideration in agricultural populations, but these should also be viewed with a differentiation based on gender.

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“…The authors of the presented study believe that the reason behind such phenomena can be attributed to the possibility that engaging in actions for health and safety according to training depends on the individual's level of understanding and acceptance of the training, as well as the workplace environment. Moreover, farmers' occupational injuries are deeply and complexly connected to various errors, such as faulty design of agricultural machinery as well as human error [22][23][24][25]. Thus, in order to advance injury prevention efficiency, it is more important to consider other safety systems than focusing only on the training/procedural system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of checklists for agricultural safety management

Kim¹,

Räsänen²,

Chae³

et al. 2018

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction. The current health and safety management system under the Occupational Health and Safety Act has avoided agriculture in Korea. It is important to consider the various safety systems used in agricultural health and safety to develop effective regulations. Objective. The aims were to classify and review the items from various checklists using safety systems, such as design, training, etc., ultimately aimed at proposing directions for improving the health and safety of farmers. Materials and method. Among the retrieved checklists with Google, four were chosen for this study, based on criteria such as the Checklist developed by an international organization, as well as others. Each item on the checklist was categorized using criteria concerning safety systems, developed based on previous studies. Results. The total number of analyzed items was 573, which is 36 more than the actual number of checklist items (537). The proportion of items belonging to the training/procedures system was the highest (32.5%); the second-highest was for the mitigation system -18.2%.; the third-largest proportion of items was maintenance/inspection -with 14.3%. Items related to the design and human factor systems were 8.2% and 5.6%, respectively. The safety system with the lowest proportion was the warning/notification system -4.2% of the total items. The proportion of items that could not be classified into safety systems was found to be 16.1%. Conclusions. A large number of items belonging to the training/procedures system reported as occasionally not effective in prevention of injury were found in the checklists. It appears important to develop checklist items proposing the supplementation of various safety systems, rather than presenting items that are biased towards certain safety systems.

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The Hierarchy of Control in the Epidemic of Farm Injury

Cited by 17 publications

References 18 publications

Child Farm-Related Injury in Australia: A Review of the Literature

Child Farm-Related Injury in Australia: A Review of the Literature

Identifying and mitigating risks for agricultural injury associated with obesity

Analysis of checklists for agricultural safety management

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