The Higgs Field and Early Universe Cosmology: A (Brief) Review

Horn, Bart

doi:10.3390/physics2030028

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 174 publications

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“…If the mass of the left-handed tauon neutrino is estimated at ∼0.1 eV [99], and the Dirac mass of tauon leptons and quarks is estimated at ∼10 GeV [96], then the see-saw mechanism would predict the mass of the right-handed tauon neutrino to be ∼10 12 GeV. This is consistent with the 10 12 GeV energy scale of Pati-Salam symmetry breaking found in section 7, equation (86).…”

Section: Neutrino Massessupporting

confidence: 78%

Unification of the four forces in the Spin(11,1) geometric algebra

Hamilton¹

2023

Phys. Scr.

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SO(10), or equivalently its covering group Spin(10), is a well-known promising grand unified group that contains the standard-model group. The spinors of the group Spin(N) of rotations in N spacetime dimensions are indexed by a bitcode with [N/2] bits. Fermions in Spin(10) are described by five bits yzrgb, consisting of two weak bits y and z, and three colour bits r, g, b. If a sixth bit t is added, necessary to accommodate a time dimension, then the enlarged Spin(11,1) algebra contains the standard-model and Dirac algebras as commuting subalgebras, unifying the four forces. The symmetry breaking chain that breaks Spin(11,1) to the standard model appears to be essentially unique, proceeding via the Pati-Salam group. The Higgs sector appears similarly unique, consisting of the dimension~66 adjoint representation of Spin(11,1); in effect, the scalar Higgs sector matches the vector gauge sector. Although the unified algebra is that of Spin(11,1), the persistence of the electroweak Higgs field after grand symmetry breaking suggests that the gauge group before grand symmetry breaking is Spin(10,1), not the full group Spin(11,1). The running of coupling parameters predicts that the standard model should unify to the Pati-Salam group Spin(4)_w times Spin(6)_c at 10^{12} GeV, and thence to Spin(10,1) at 10^{15} GeV. The grand Higgs field breaks t-symmetry, can drive cosmological inflation, and generates a large Majorana mass for the right-handed neutrino by flipping its t-bit. The electroweak Higgs field breaks y-symmetry, and generates masses for fermions by flipping their y-bit.

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Section: Neutrino Massessupporting

confidence: 78%

Unification of the four forces in the Spin(11,1) geometric algebra

Hamilton¹

2023

Phys. Scr.

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“…(2.105 ± 0.030) × 10 −9 at 68%CL. By imposing this constraint, we see that B varies from 7.7 × 10 14 to 1.2 × 10 15 for N e = 50, and from 1.2 × 10 15 to 1.9 × 10 15 for N e = 60, when ξ decreases from 1000 to 10. We can conclude from figure 2 that the smaller values of ξ requires larger values of B to produce the same amplitude of scalar perturbations.…”

Section: Non-canonical Higgs Inflationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the best suited model of inflation from Planck-2018 observations [8] is Higgs inflation [10][11][12][13][14][15], where the Higgs field of the standard model of particle physics is nonminimally coupled to gravity to achieve inflation. The quartic potential for the minimally coupled Higgs field does not fit well with CMB observations, however, the Higgs field coupled with gravity leads to a model that agrees very well with the current observations [10,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-canonical Higgs inflation

Pareek,

Nautiyal

2024

Class. Quantum Grav.

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The large value of non-minimal coupling constant $\xi$ required to satisfy CMB observations in Higgs inflation violates unitarity. In this work we study Higgs-inflation with non-canonical kinetic term of DBI form to find whether $\xi$ can be reduced. To study the inflationary dynamics, we transform the action to the Einstein frame, in which the Higgs is minimally coupled to gravity with a non-canonical kinetic term and modified potential. We choose the Higgs self coupling constant $\lambda=0.14$ for our analysis. We find that the value of $\xi$ can be reduced from $10^{3}-10^{4}$ to $\mathcal{O}(10)$ to satisfy Planck constraints on amplitude of scalar power spectrum. However, this model produces a larger tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$, in comparison to the Higgs inflation with canonical kinetic term. We also find that, to satisfy joint constraints on scalar spectral index $n_s$ and tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ from Planck-2018 and bounds on $r$ from Planck and BICEP3, the value of $\xi$ should be of the order of $10^4$. Thus, the issue of unitarity violation remains even after considering Higgs inflation withnon-canonical kinetic term.

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“…Higgs Field is a field of energy that exists everywhere in the entire universe [34], [35]. The particle known as Higgs boson attracts other particles towards itself to gain mass [36]- [38].…”

Section: B Higgs Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The theory of particle was first introduced by PW Higgs in 1964, describing the existence of a particle having a mass of 125 GeV (giga-electron volt) [40]. On 4th of July, 2012, by collaboration of Compact Muon Solenoid and Atlas, the Higgs Boson was first discovered using the LHC tunnel [34], [37].…”

Section: B Higgs Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Physics Simulator for Scientific Education using Augmented Reality

Hyder¹,

Baloch²,

Saad³

et al. 2021

IJACSA

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In this era of fourth industrial revolution, young learners need to be equipped with 21 st century skills, such as critical thinking, creativity, communication, collaboration, innovation and problem solving. Augmented Reality (AR) based learning systems are an effective tool to embed these skills. This paper presents a detailed review of latest research on an AR-based learning systems. Furthermore, an AR-based learning system is proposed to demonstrate the particle physics experiments i.e. proton-proton collision and Higgs field. The proposed learning system algorithms are developed using particle system of unity 3D software. Then, Microsoft Kinect sensor is interfaced with unity 3D to create an immersive experience. Then, the qualitative analysis of the proposed system and latest AR-based learning systems is presented. Finally, the quantitative analysis of the proposed system is conducted. Overall, the results suggest that 85% of the participants recommended the proposed learning system.

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The Higgs Field and Early Universe Cosmology: A (Brief) Review

Cited by 14 publications

References 174 publications

Unification of the four forces in the Spin(11,1) geometric algebra

Unification of the four forces in the Spin(11,1) geometric algebra

Non-canonical Higgs inflation

Particle Physics Simulator for Scientific Education using Augmented Reality

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