The High Mass X-ray binaries in star-forming galaxies

Artale, M. Celeste; Giacobbo, Nicola; Mapelli, Michela; Esposito, P.

doi:10.1017/s1743921318007627

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…For HMXB XLFs, they found the shape to be more complex than a single power law. The XLF slope rapidly declined beyond luminosities of 10 38 erg s −1 , which is consistent with results from Tzanavaris et al (2013), , and Artale et al (2019).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

X-ray luminosity function of high-mass X-ray binaries: Studying the signatures of different physical processes using detailed binary evolution calculations

Misra

Kovlakas

Fragos

et al. 2023

A&A

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Context. Many physical processes taking place during the evolution of binary stellar systems remain poorly understood. The ever-expanding observational sample of X-ray binaries (XRBs) makes them excellent laboratories for constraining binary evolution theory. Such constraints and useful insights can be obtained by studying the effects of various physical assumptions on synthetic X-ray luminosity functions (XLFs) and comparing them with observed XLFs. Aims. In this work we focus on high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) and study the effects on the XLF of various, poorly constrained assumptions regarding physical processes, such as the common-envelope phase, core collapse, and wind-fed accretion. Methods. We used the new binary population synthesis code POSYDON, which employs extensive precomputed grids of detailed stellar structure and binary evolution models, to simulate the entire evolution of binaries. We generated 96 synthetic XRB populations corresponding to different combinations of model assumptions, including different prescriptions for supernova kicks, supernova remnant masses, common-envelope evolution, circularization at the onset of Roche-lobe overflow, and observable wind-fed accretion. Results. The generated HMXB XLFs are feature-rich, deviating from the commonly assumed single power law. We find a break in our synthetic XLF at luminosity ∼1038 erg s−1, similar to observed XLFs. However, we also find a general overabundance of XRBs (up to a factor of ∼10 for certain model parameter combinations) driven primarily by XRBs with black hole accretors. Assumptions about the transient behavior of Be XRBs, asymmetric supernova kicks, and common-envelope physics can significantly affect the shape and normalization of our synthetic XLFs. We find that less well-studied assumptions regarding the circularization of the orbit at the onset of Roche-lobe overflow and criteria for the formation of an X-ray-emitting accretion disk around wind-accreting black holes can also impact our synthetic XLFs and reduce the discrepancy with observations. Conclusions. Our synthetic XLFs do not always agree well with observations, especially at intermediate X-ray luminosities, which is likely due to uncertainties in the adopted physical assumptions. While some model parameters leave distinct imprints on the shape of the synthetic XLFs and can reduce this deviation, others do not have a significant effect overall. Our study reveals the importance of large-scale parameter studies, highlighting the power of XRBs in constraining binary evolution theory.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

X-ray luminosity function of high-mass X-ray binaries: Studying the signatures of different physical processes using detailed binary evolution calculations

Misra

Kovlakas

Fragos

et al. 2023

A&A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Binary population synthesis models (e.g., Linden et al 2010;Fragos et al 2013a;Belczynski et al 2016;Wiktorowicz et al 2017Wiktorowicz et al , 2019Artale et al 2018;Kruckow et al 2018) suggest that X-ray emission from HMXB populations is highly sensitive to local environmental properties, such as metallicity and star formation history (SFH). For example, Linden et al (2010) estimated that the peak luminosity for the most luminous HMXBs in a population occurs ∼5-15 Myr after a star formation event and fades rapidly thereafter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Large Deficit of HMXB Emission from Luminous Infrared Galaxies: The Case of the Circumnuclear Starburst Ring in NGC 7552

West

Garofali

Lehmer

et al. 2023

ApJ

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Luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs), the most extreme star-forming galaxies in the nearby (D < 30 Mpc) universe, show a notable X-ray emission deficiency (up to a factor of ∼10) compared with predictions from scaling relations of galaxy-wide high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) luminosity with star formation rate. In the nearby (≈20 Mpc) LIRG NGC 7552, the majority of the IR emission originates in a circumnuclear starburst ring, which has been resolved into several discrete knots of star formation. We present results from recent Chandra observations of NGC 7552, which reveal significant deficits in the 2–7 keV X-ray luminosities from two of the most powerful star-forming knots. We hypothesize that the expected luminous HMXB populations in these knots are either (1) obscured by very large column densities or (2) suppressed due to the knots having relatively high metallicity and/or very young ages (≲5 Myr). We distinguish between these possibilities using data from recent NuSTAR observations, whose sensitivity above 10 keV is capable of uncovering heavily obscured HMXB populations, since emission at these energies is more immune to absorption effects. We find no evidence of a heavily obscured HMXB population in the central region of NGC 7552, suggesting suppressed HMXB formation. We further show that metallicity-dependent scaling relations cannot fully account for the observed deficit from the most powerful star-forming knots or the central region as a whole. Thus, we suggest that recent bursts in local star formation activity likely drive the high L IR within these regions on timescales ≲5 Myr, shorter than the timescale required for the formation of HMXBs.

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A Chandra Virgo cluster survey of spiral galaxies – I. Introduction to the survey and a new ULX sample

Soria

Kolehmainen

Graham

et al. 2022

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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We present an analysis of the ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) population in 75 Virgo cluster late-type galaxies, including all those with a star formation rate ≳1 M⊙ yr−1 and a representative sample of the less star-forming ones. This study is based on 110 observations obtained over 20 years with the Chandra X-ray Observatory Advanced Camera for Imaging Spectroscopy. As part of a Large Chandra Program, new observations were obtained for 52 of these 75 galaxies. The data are complete to a sensitivity of ≈1039 erg s−1, with a typical detection limit of ≈3 × 1038 erg s−1 for the majority of the sources. The catalogue contains about 80 ULXs (0.3–10 keV luminosity >1039 erg s−1), and provides their location, observed flux, de-absorbed luminosity, and (for the 25 most luminous ones) simple X-ray spectral properties. We discuss the ULX luminosity function in relation to the mass and star formation rate of the sample galaxies. We show that recent models of low-mass plus high-mass X-ray binary populations (scaling with stellar mass and star formation rate, respectively) are mostly consistent with our observational results. We tentatively identify the most luminous X-ray source in the sample (a source in IC 3322A with LX ≈ 6 × 1040 erg s−1) as a recent supernova or its young remnant. The properties of the sample galaxies (morphologies, stellar masses, star formation rates, total X-ray luminosities from their point-source population) are also summarized.

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The High Mass X-ray binaries in star-forming galaxies

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

X-ray luminosity function of high-mass X-ray binaries: Studying the signatures of different physical processes using detailed binary evolution calculations

X-ray luminosity function of high-mass X-ray binaries: Studying the signatures of different physical processes using detailed binary evolution calculations

The Large Deficit of HMXB Emission from Luminous Infrared Galaxies: The Case of the Circumnuclear Starburst Ring in NGC 7552

A Chandra Virgo cluster survey of spiral galaxies – I. Introduction to the survey and a new ULX sample

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