The High Osmolarity Glycerol (HOG) Pathway Functions in Osmosensing, Trap Morphogenesis and Conidiation of the Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora

Kuo, Chih-Yen; Chen, Sheng‐an; Hsueh, Yu-Ting

doi:10.3390/jof6040191

Cited by 32 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Nematodes and fungi depend on and communicate through elaborate networks of signaling. The MAPK signaling cascades are key evolutionarily conserved signal transducers in all eukaryotes, and several MAPKs have been identified in A. oligospora , including Slt2 ( Zhen et al, 2018 ; Chen et al, 2021 ), Fus3 ( Chen et al, 2021 ), Hog1 ( Kuo et al, 2020 ), and Ime2 ( Xie et al, 2020 ). In filamentous ascomycetes, the Slt2-MAPK cascade pathway is an important signaling pathway, which consists of Bck1 , Mkk1/2 , and Slt2 in S. cerevisiae ( Levin, 2005 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AoBck1 and AoMkk1 Are Necessary to Maintain Cell Wall Integrity, Vegetative Growth, Conidiation, Stress Resistance, and Pathogenicity in the Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora

et al. 2021

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The cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway is composed of three mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), Bck1, Mkk1/2, and Slt2, and is one of the main signaling pathways for fungal pathogenesis, cell wall synthesis, and integrity maintenance. In this study, we characterized orthologs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bck1 and Mkk1 in the nematode-trapping (NT) fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora by multiple phenotypic comparison, and the regulation of conidiation and cell wall synthesis was analyzed using real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Both ΔAoBck1 and ΔAoMkk1 mutants showed severe defects in vegetative growth, cell nucleus number, and stress resistance. Both the mutants were unable to produce spores, and the transcription of several genes associated with sporulation and cell wall biosynthesis was markedly downregulated during the conidiation stage. Further, cell walls of the ΔAoBck1 and ΔAoMkk1 mutants were severely damaged, and the Woronin body failed to respond to cellular damage. In particular, the mutants lost the ability to produce mycelial traps for nematode predation. Taken together, AoBck1 and AoMkk1 play a conserved role in mycelial growth and development, CWI, conidiation, multi-stress tolerance, trap formation, and pathogenicity. We highlighted the role of AoBck1 and AoMkk1 in regulating the Woronin body response to cellular damage and cell nucleus development in A. oligospora.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AoBck1 and AoMkk1 Are Necessary to Maintain Cell Wall Integrity, Vegetative Growth, Conidiation, Stress Resistance, and Pathogenicity in the Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora

et al. 2021

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“…AoFlbA was significantly downregulated compared to 0 h (4.4-, 5.2-, and 8.2-fold at 12, 24, and 36 h, respectively), especially in the later infection stage (Figure 1c). Meanwhile, AoRgsA, AoRgsB, and AoRgsB2-2 were also downregulated at three time points (12,24, and 36 h). In contrast, AoRgsB2-3 and AoRgsC were significantly upregulated at 12, 24, and 36 h. Specifically, AoRgsB2-3 increased by 2.8-3.0 fold at 12, 24, and 36 h, respectively.…”

Section: Expression Of Seven Rgs-encoding Genes During Trap Formationmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In our previous study, proteomic analysis of A. oligospora showed that multiple signal transduction pathways are involved in the regulation of trap formation [ 22 ]. Recently, several signaling proteins associated with G protein signaling, such as mitogen-activated protein kinases Slt2 [ 23 ], Hog1 [ 24 ], and Ime2 [ 25 ], calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases [ 26 ], and Gβ [ 20 ], were proven to regulate trap formation and pathogenicity in A. oligospora . However, the functions of RGSs in A. oligospora and other NT Fungi are unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional analysis of seven regulators of G protein signaling (RGSs) in the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2021

Virulence

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Regulators of G protein signaling (RGSs) are proteins that negatively regulate G protein signal transduction. In this study, seven putative RGSs were characterized in the nematode-trapping (NT) fungus, Arthrobotrys oligospora. Deleting Rgs genes significantly increased intracellular cAMP levels, and caused defects in mycelia growth, stress resistance, conidiation, trap formation, and nematocidal activity. In particular, the ΔAoFlbA mutant was unable to produce conidia and traps. Transcriptomic analysis showed that amino acid metabolic and biosynthetic processes were significantly enriched in the ΔAoFlbA mutant compared to WT. Interestingly, Gas1 family genes are significantly expanded in A. oligospora and other NT fungi that produce adhesive traps, and are differentially expressed during trap formation in A. oligospora. Disruption of two Gas1 genes resulted in defective conidiation, trap formation, and pathogenicity. Our results indicate that RGSs play pleiotropic roles in regulating A. oligospora mycelial growth, development, and pathogenicity. Further, AoFlbA is a prominent member and required for conidiation and trap formation, possibly by regulating amino acid metabolism and biosynthesis. Our results provide a basis for elucidating the signaling mechanism of vegetative growth, lifestyle transition, and pathogenicity in NT fungi.

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“…Signal perception, transduction, and, consequently, the response to environmental changes is a prerequisite for fungal biology and controls essential pathways, such as stress response, differentiation processes, metabolism, and pathogenicity [ 1 ]. The high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway consists of a multistep phosphorelay (MSP) system connected to a conserved mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of a New MoYpd1p Phosphotransferase Isoform in the Multistep Phosphorelay System of Magnaporthe oryzae

Bühring

Yemelin

Michna

et al. 2021

JoF

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Different external stimuli are perceived by multiple sensor histidine kinases and transmitted by phosphorylation via the phosphotransfer protein Ypd1p in the multistep phosphorelay system of the high osmolarity glycerol signaling pathway of filamentous fungi. How the signal propagation takes place is still not known in detail since multiple sensor histidine kinase genes in most filamentous fungi are coded in the genome, whereas only one gene for Ypd1p exists. That raises the hypothesis that various Ypd1p isoforms are produced from a single gene sequence, perhaps by alternative splicing, facilitating a higher variability in signal transduction. We found that the mRNA of MoYPD1 in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is subjected to an increased structural variation and amplified putative isoforms on a cDNA level. We then generated mutant strains overexpressing these isoforms, purified the products, and present here one previously unknown MoYpd1p isoform on a proteome level. Alternative splicing was found to be a valid molecular mechanism to increase the signal diversity in eukaryotic multistep phosphorelay systems.

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The High Osmolarity Glycerol (HOG) Pathway Functions in Osmosensing, Trap Morphogenesis and Conidiation of the Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora

Cited by 32 publications

References 42 publications

AoBck1 and AoMkk1 Are Necessary to Maintain Cell Wall Integrity, Vegetative Growth, Conidiation, Stress Resistance, and Pathogenicity in the Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora

AoBck1 and AoMkk1 Are Necessary to Maintain Cell Wall Integrity, Vegetative Growth, Conidiation, Stress Resistance, and Pathogenicity in the Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora

Functional analysis of seven regulators of G protein signaling (RGSs) in the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora

Evidence of a New MoYpd1p Phosphotransferase Isoform in the Multistep Phosphorelay System of Magnaporthe oryzae

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