The high prevalence of occult hepatitis B infections among the partners of chronically infected HBV blood donors emphasizes the potential residual risk to blood safety

Abstract

A small percentage of couples who regularly donated blood in China tested positive for HBsAg. Although it is well known that blood donors can acquire hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection from a chronically infected sexual partner, the prevalence of occult hepatitis B infections (OBIs) among blood donations from partners of HBV‐infected chronically infected spouses and the risk to blood safety remain poorly understood. Among 212 763 blood donors, 54 pairs of couples (108 donations) were enrolled because one partner tested positive for HBsAg. Several molecular and serological examinations were conducted. The origin of HBV transmission between sexual partners was investigated further. Also evaluated was the potential risk of HBV infection with OBIs. We identified 10 (10/54, 18.6%) sexual partners of chronically infected HBV donors who were positive for HBV DNA, including five samples (9.3%) with OBIs, of which 3 (3/54, 5.6%, 1 in 70 921 donations) passed the routine blood screening tests. Seven of the 10 HBV‐DNA‐positive couples contracted the virus possibly through sexual or close contact. Among infected couples, immune escape mutations were observed. A high prevalence of OBIs was found among the partners of chronically infected HBV blood donors, posing a potential threat to blood safety.

Serological and Molecular Characterization of Occult HBV Infection in Blood Donors from South Italy

“…Moreover, S gene mutations may also impact the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen [ 33 , 34 ], which is already secreted at lower levels in HBV genotype D infection compared to other genotypes [ 35 ]. Lastly, a primary infection by mutated HBV strains may also occur in blood donors [ 36 ] as well as in their sexual contacts [ 37 ], further confirming the potential threat of HBV transmission by donors with OBI.…”

Prevalence and Residual Risk of HIV in Volunteer Blood Donors of Zhejiang Province, China, from 2018 to 2022

“…Since 2016, nucleic acid amplifcation technology (NAT) has been used for blood screening to detect HBV DNA, HCV RNA, and HIV RNA in China [10,11]. Terefore, the TTI residual risk has gradually decreased, and the overall level of blood transfusion safety has improved in China [12,13].…”