The higher the better? Differences in phenolics and cyanogenic glycosides in Sambucus nigra leaves, flowers and berries from different altitudes

Abstract

Elder berries and flowers collected at the foothill were characterised by the lowest levels of both beneficial (phenolics) and harmful compounds (CGG) and are suitable for moderate consumption. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

The Content of Selected Minerals, Bioactive Compounds, and the Antioxidant Properties of the Flowers and Fruit of Selected Cultivars and Wildly Growing Plants of Sambucus nigra L.

“…Kaack et al also highlighted "Sampo" and "Samyl' as the cultivars whose fruit was the richest in anthocyanin pigments [11], but it seems that other factors were in play that affected the level of anthocyanins in elderberry fruit. The difference could have been due to the growing location, weather conditions [30,31], or availability of nutrients because, contrary to the results obtained in this study, Kaack et al found that "Haschberg" fruit contained the lowest concentration of anthocyanins [11]. In addition, according to earlier work by the same author [32], the fruit of "Haschberg" had less anthocyanins than the fruit of "Sampo" and "Samyl".…”

“…Kaack et al also highlighted "Sampo" and "Samyl' as the cultivars whose fruit was the richest in anthocyanin pigments [11], but it seems that other factors were in play that affected the level of anthocyanins in elderberry fruit. The difference could have been due to the growing location, weather conditions [30,31], or availability of nutrients because, contrary to the results obtained in this study, The content of polyphenols was strongly correlated with antioxidant capacity, which is in line with the findings of numerous studies [24,26]. The correlation coefficient was 0.93 for fruit and 0.97 for flowers (Table 4).…”

Bioactive properties of Sambucus nigra L. as a functional ingredient for food and pharmaceutical industry

“…), which had lower temperatures and higher solar radiation as compared to other altitudes studied (209-858 m a.s.l.) (Senica, Stampar, Veberic, & Mikulic-Petkovsek, 2016). Other toxic compounds present in elderberry are lectins sharing a high amino acids sequence homology and some of them having the N-glycosidase activity, which is typical for type II ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs).…”

Blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea subsp. edulis (Turcz. ex Herder) Hultén.) berries and changes in their ingredients across different locations

“…They protect cells against oxidative damage and inhibit the progress of various human diseases . Cyanogenic glycosides, organic acids and sugars are responsible for the flavor in different fruits . In addition to previously recorded metabolites, many plants belonging to the Lonicera genus accumulate saponins inside the plant organs as a self‐defense mechanism, which is the main difference from blueberry .…”

“…The synthesis and accumulation of different primary and secondary metabolites in plant species are the result of various environmental factors, including precipitation, temperature, light intensity and length of vegetation period . Additional factors include plant–herbivore interactions, soil factors, agricultural practice and different maturity stages .…”