The "Hindu" in America: Immigration and Naturalization Policies and India, 1917-1946

Asian American Surgery: A Short History of Immigration, Naturalization, and Refugee Laws and Policies that Brought Asians to America

“…The Asiatic Exclusion League declared a "Hindu invasion" (a misidentification-they were Sikhs) and a "tide of turbans," even though the largest number of Indian immigrates in a single year was only 1, 782, far fewer than the peak numbers of Chinese and Japanese in migration. 9 The League called for resignations of immigration officials and rigid enforcement of immigration regulations already on the books. The protests were effective and choked the numbers of immigrants to less than 200 a year between 1911 and 1913.…”

“…All immigration from Asia was thus prohibited except for the small number allowed from Japan under the Gentlemen's Agreement. 9 Asian immigration was not the primary target of the 1917 legislation. For the first time, European immigration was restricted through the requirement that all arrivals pass an English literacy test, singling out poor migrants from southern, central, and eastern Europe, who often were unable to read and write in their native tongues.…”

The Changing Nature of Central and Southeast Asian Immigration to the United States: 1961-1972

“…Such an excess is characteristic of a chain-migration pattern of family re-unification and formation. The re-unification of families as well as the intermarriage of members of the United Armed Forces with 1961-1965-19681969-1972Female, Total N 1961-1965-19681969-1972Sex Ratio } 1961-1965-19681969-1972 Average Annual Immigration Male 1961-1965-19681969-1972Female 1961-1965-19681969-1972 Per Cent Age ^ 20 Yrs. 1961-1965-19681969-1972Female 1961-1965-19681969-1972 Table 6; also see Kim, 1974 Philippines.…”

“…The re-unification of families as well as the intermarriage of members of the United Armed Forces with 1961-1965-19681969-1972Female, Total N 1961-1965-19681969-1972Sex Ratio } 1961-1965-19681969-1972 Average Annual Immigration Male 1961-1965-19681969-1972Female 1961-1965-19681969-1972 Per Cent Age ^ 20 Yrs. 1961-1965-19681969-1972Female 1961-1965-19681969-1972 Table 6; also see Kim, 1974 Philippines. This suggests again that immigration from these areas has replaced the early 20th century immigration of Japanese and Chinese manpower, but that, in keeping with the industrial economy of the United States and the Act of 1965, this immigration has changed from unskilled to highly trained in composition.…”

“…This suggests again that immigration from these areas has replaced the early 20th century immigration of Japanese and Chinese manpower, but that, in keeping with the industrial economy of the United States and the Act of 1965, this immigration has changed from unskilled to highly trained in composition. Number 1961-1965-19681969-1972Per Cent of Total Immigration 1961-1965-19681969-1972Intended Occupation, Per Cent Professional 1961-1965-19681969-1972 1961-1965-19681969-1972Service, including Private Household 1961-1965-19681969-1972Other Blue Collard 1961-1965-19681969-1972Farm Managers and Labourers 1961-1965-19681969-1972 Report, 1961Report, -1972 Table 8.…”