The hippocampus and learning

Anatomical and Behavioral Analysis of Hippocampal Cell Fields in Rats.

“…Since the early suggestion that the hippocampus may be involved in olfaction (Elliot-Smith, 1910), several theories have been advanced to account for the behavioral functions of the structure (see Douglas, 1967;Izquierdo, 1975;Jarrard, 1973;Kimble, 1968, for reviews). Support for any one formulation to the exclusion of the others has been difficult to obtain since a variety of effects on behavior have been reported when this limbic structure is stimulated or surgically ablated.…”

Activation of a nitric-oxide-sensitive cAMP pathway with phencyclidine: elevated hippocampal cAMP levels are temporally associated with deficits in prepulse inhibition

“…In addition, developmental abnormalities in the hippocampus have been connected to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (Jakob and Beckmann 1986;Lipska et al 1995;Suddath et al 1990). Furthermore, ventral hippocampus contributes significantly to the neural control of central inhibitory mechanisms (Izquierdo 1975) and it is involved in the modulation of prepulse inhibition and acoustic startle reactivity (Bast et al 2001;Caine et al 1992;Swerdlow et al 2004). The interaction over time of the effects of PCP with the effects of the NOS inhibitor, L-NAME, on prepulse inhibition and startle reactivity was also investigated in the present study.…”

The Hippocampus as a Cognitive Map

“…The interested reader is referred to Table A29 for a list of studies using stimulation techniques and to recent review articles which present these studies in a more complete fashion (e.g. Izquierdo 1975).…”