The Historical Perspectives of Stereotypes on African-American Males

Taylor, Evi; Guy-Walls, Patricia; Wilkerson, Patricia; Addae, Rejoice

doi:10.1007/s41134-019-00096-y

Cited by 62 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Additionally, there is often an emphasis on identifying clients who are likely to miss clinic visits and to consider placing additional restrictions on their access to medications [66]. Clients who are already marginalized on the basis of race, class or other experiences, such as substance use, are most likely to be labelled, stereotyped, denied services or blamed for their "failure" to sustain care, which can reinforce negative racial and class-based stereotypes [67][68][69].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognizing and disrupting stigma in implementation of HIV prevention and care: a call to research and action

Golub

Fikslin

2022

J Int AIDS Soc.

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Introduction There is robust evidence that stigma negatively impacts both people living with HIV and those who might benefit from HIV prevention interventions. Within healthcare settings, research on HIV stigma has focused on intra‐personal processes (i.e. knowledge or internalization of community‐level stigma that might limit clients’ engagement in care) or inter‐personal processes (i.e. stigmatized interactions with service providers). Intersectional approaches to stigma call us to examine the ways that intersecting systems of power and oppression produce stigma not only at the individual and interpersonal levels, but also within healthcare service delivery systems. This commentary argues for the importance of analysing and disrupting the way in which stigma may be (intentionally or unintentionally) enacted and sustained within HIV service implementation, that is the policies, protocols and strategies used to deliver HIV prevention and care. We contend that as HIV researchers and practitioners, we have failed to fully specify or examine the mechanisms through which HIV service implementation itself may reinforce stigma and perpetuate inequity. Discussion We apply Link and Phelan's five stigma components (labelling, stereotyping, separation, status loss and discrimination) as a framework for analysing the way in which stigma manifests in existing service implementation and for evaluating new HIV implementation strategies. We present three examples of common HIV service implementation strategies and consider their potential to activate stigma components, with particular attention to how our understanding of these dynamics can be enhanced and expanded by the application of intersectional perspectives. We then provide a set of sample questions that can be used to develop and test novel implementation strategies designed to mitigate against HIV‐specific and intersectional stigma. Conclusions This commentary is a theory‐informed call to action for the assessment of existing HIV service implementation, for the development of new stigma‐reducing implementation strategies and for the explicit inclusion of stigma reduction as a core outcome in implementation research and evaluation. We argue that these strategies have the potential to make critical contributions to our ability to address many system‐level form stigmas that undermine health and wellbeing for people living with HIV and those in need of HIV prevention services.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognizing and disrupting stigma in implementation of HIV prevention and care: a call to research and action

Golub

Fikslin

2022

J Int AIDS Soc.

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“…The number of years of regular cannabis use prior to incarceration may be associated with cultural race-related stress due to pervasive negative stereotypes of African American men (Najdowski et al, 2015; Taylor et al, 2019). For example, African American men are depicted as lazy, uneducated, drug users and dealers, and prone to danger and violence (Smiley & Fakunle, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural race-related stress and cannabis use among incarcerated African American men.

Dogan¹,

Thrasher²,

Thorpe³

et al. 2021

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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Objective-Research suggests African American men use cannabis to cope with racial discrimination. This conjecture may also be true for incarcerated African American men, who report high rates of cannabis use prior to and after incarceration. However, no studies-to-date have examined the association between race-related stress and chronic cannabis use among incarcerated African American men. As this population encounters pervasive negative cultural stereotypes and devaluation from larger society, cultural race-related stress may predict cannabis use among this population. Therefore, the purpose of this brief report was to examine the relationship between cultural race-related stress and years of regular cannabis use among a sample of incarcerated African American men.Method-Study staff completed interviews with N = 177 African American men nearing release from four prisons in Kentucky. The interviews focused on mental health, drug use, and HIV risk behaviors. Participants provided their demographics (e.g., age, years of education, and length of incarceration), self-reported their years of regular cannabis use (3 times or more per week), and completed the Brief Index of Race-Related Stress (IRRS-B; Utsey, 1999).Results-Multivariate regression analyses demonstrated cultural race-related stress was significant and positively associated with the number of years of regular cannabis use (p = .003) among this population.Conclusions-This finding has implications for culturally-tailored substance abuse treatment, specifically for cannabis use, with African American men upon their community re-entry from prison.

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“… 2014 ; Taylor et al . 2019 ). Prior research suggests that Black Americans are aware of racial stereotypes based on complexion, language linguistic and verbiage cues, including code-switching (Maddox and Chase 2004 ).…”

Section: Changing the Narrativementioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic stress and burnout: John Henryism and social dominance in the laboratory and STEM workforce

Rolle

Vue

Murray

et al. 2021

Pathogens and Disease

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Persons Excluded from science because of Ethnicity and Race (PEERs) face chronic exposure to interpersonal stressors, such as social discrimination, throughout their scientific careers, leading to a long-term decline in physical and mental health. Many PEERs exhibit John Henryism, a coping mechanism to prolonged stress where an individual expends higher levels of effort and energy at the cost of their physical and mental health. In this article, we discuss how social dominance may increase John Henryism within the STEM community; the causes, effects, and costs of John Henryism; and highlight solutions to combat these social adversity stressors within the academic institution.

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The Historical Perspectives of Stereotypes on African-American Males

Cited by 62 publications

References 47 publications

Recognizing and disrupting stigma in implementation of HIV prevention and care: a call to research and action

Recognizing and disrupting stigma in implementation of HIV prevention and care: a call to research and action

Cultural race-related stress and cannabis use among incarcerated African American men.

Toxic stress and burnout: John Henryism and social dominance in the laboratory and STEM workforce

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