The historical roots of high rates of infant death in Aboriginal communities in Canada in the early twentieth century: the case of Fisher River, Manitoba

Moffat, Tina; Herring, Ann

doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00074-x

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…After the first month (29–179 days), previous research has revealed that poor conditions, starvation, etc. (related to environmental, social, and economic factors), have a greater impact on mortality [ 31 ]. Sami infants born during spring and (early) summer should still be at an advantaged position, whereas infants born during autumn should be at a higher risk when entering the first winter.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indigenous Infant Mortality by Age and Season of Birth, 1800–1899: Did Season of Birth Affect Children’s Chances for Survival?

Karlsson

2017

IJERPH

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This paper focuses on the influence of season of birth on infant mortality among the Sami and non-Sami populations in northern Sweden during the nineteenth century. The source material is a set of data files from the Demographic Data Base at Umeå University, making it possible to combine age at death (in days), month of death, and month of birth over the course of the entire century. Cox regression models reveal that for the first week of life, season of birth had no influence on the risk of mortality. For the Sami, the results showed that being born during winter was related to a higher risk of neonatal mortality, and being born during summer was related to a higher risk of mortality after six months of age. Furthermore, for the Sami, the neonatal mortality showed a U-shaped pattern with a minimum in June–August, whereas the corresponding pattern among the non-Sami was flatter. The findings shed light on vulnerability in two populations sharing the same environment, but diverging in terms of social, economic, and cultural factors.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indigenous Infant Mortality by Age and Season of Birth, 1800–1899: Did Season of Birth Affect Children’s Chances for Survival?

Karlsson

2017

IJERPH

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“…Nef-mediated up-regulation of cytokines is promoted through the activation of MAPKs and calmodulin signaling pathways [152–155]. Nefserves as a chemotactic agent by promoting the infiltration of leucocytes and monocytes into the CNS [152, 156]. Nef also induces the production of quinolinic acid from macrophages, a neurotoxin that is detected in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of HIV-infected individuals [157, 158].…”

Section: Role Of Hiv-1 Proteins In Neurotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Associated Common Neurological Complications: Does Aging Pose a Challenge?

Nookala

Mitra

Chaudhari

et al. 2017

JAD

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With increasing survival of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the manifestation of heterogeneous neurological complications is also increasing alarmingly in these patients. Currently, more than 30% of about 40 million HIV-1 infected people worldwide develop central nervous system (CNS)-associated dysfunction, including dementia, sensory, and motor neuropathy. Furthermore, the highly effective antiretroviral therapy has been shown to increase the prevalence of mild cognitive functions while reducing other HIV-1-associated neurological complications. On the contrary, the presence of neurological disorder frequently affects the outcome of conventional HIV-1 therapy. Although, both the children and adults suffer from the post-HIV treatment-associated cognitive impairment, adults, especially depending on the age of disease onset, are more prone to CNS dysfunction. Thus, addressing neurological complications in an HIV-1-infected patient is a delicate balance of several factors and requires characterization of the molecular signature of associated CNS disorders involving intricate cross-talk with HIV-1-derived neurotoxins and other cellular factors. In this review, we summarize some of the current data supporting both the direct and indirect mechanisms, including neuro-inflammation and genome instability in association with aging, leading to CNS dysfunction after HIV-1 infection, and discuss the potential strategies addressing the treatment or prevention of HIV-1-mediated neurotoxicity.

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“…Higher infant mortality among indigenous populations compared to non-indigenous populations living in the same area has been revealed among historical as well as contemporary populations around the world [1,2]. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a common belief among contemporary observers was that the Swedish Sami (the indigenous population of northern Sweden) died either very young or very old [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Season of birth, stillbirths, and neonatal mortality in Sweden: the Sami and non-Sami population, 1800–1899

Karlsson

Lundevaller

Schumann

2019

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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Seasonal patterns of neonatal mortality and stillbirths have been found around the world. However, little is known about the association between season of birth and infant mortality of pre-industrial societies in a subarctic environment. In this study, we compared how season of birth affected the neonatal and stillbirth risk among the Sami and non-Sami in Swedish Sápmi during the nineteenth century. Using digitised parish records from the Demographic Data Base at Umeå University, we applied logistic regression models for estimating the association of season of birth with stillbirths and neonatal mortality, respectively. Higher neonatal mortality was found among the winter-and autumn-born Sami, compared to summer-born infants. Stillbirth risk was higher during autumn compared to summer among the Sami, whereas we found no seasonal differences in mortality among the non-Sami population. We relate the higher neonatal mortality risk among winter-born Sami to differences in seasonality of living conditions associated with reindeer herding.

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The historical roots of high rates of infant death in Aboriginal communities in Canada in the early twentieth century: the case of Fisher River, Manitoba

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Indigenous Infant Mortality by Age and Season of Birth, 1800–1899: Did Season of Birth Affect Children’s Chances for Survival?

Indigenous Infant Mortality by Age and Season of Birth, 1800–1899: Did Season of Birth Affect Children’s Chances for Survival?

An Overview of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Associated Common Neurological Complications: Does Aging Pose a Challenge?

Season of birth, stillbirths, and neonatal mortality in Sweden: the Sami and non-Sami population, 1800–1899

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