The History and Current Relevance of the Eponymous Signs of Meningitis

Forgie, Sarah

doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000001152

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The neck sign remains the most commonly used [55]. Recent evaluations indicate that the Kernig and Brudziñski signs each have a sensitivity of 5% and a specificity of 95% [56].…”

Section: Conclusion: Improved Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

History of the Concept of Tuberculous Meningitis

Walusinski¹

2020

Eur Neurol

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More than a century separates the description of <i>“dropsy of the ventricles of the brain”</i> by Scottish physicians and Robert Koch’s identification of the causal agent of tuberculous meningitis in 1882. This article reviews the writings in Scotland and France that marked the history of the identification of this infectious entity. From John Paisley in 1734 to Robert Whytt in 1738, from Marcellin Chardel in 1799 and L.P. Collinet in 1802 to Isidore Bricheteau in 1814 and Jean-Louis Brachet in 1818, and then Victor Le Diberder in 1837 and Isidore Valleix in 1838, unknown and forgotten physicians outnumber the famous masters in bringing about the progress and knowledge that enabled this frequent and consistently fatal disease in the 19th century to be accurately diagnosed and in most cases cured in the 20th century.

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“…The neck sign remains the most commonly used [55]. Recent evaluations indicate that the Kernig and Brudziñski signs each have a sensitivity of 5% and a specificity of 95% [56].…”

Section: Conclusion: Improved Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

History of the Concept of Tuberculous Meningitis

Walusinski¹

2020

Eur Neurol

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“…In such circumstances, bacteria that physiologically colonize naso-pharyngeal epithelium and sinus mucosa are mainly responsible for the infectious process. Conversely, in the case of penetrating injuries, microorganisms normally present on the skin are likely to be involved [27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology: A Brief Outlinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, when mediators of inflammation (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1, interleukin-6) are released in the CNS in response to infection, they can induce chemotactic and adhesion molecules that, along with bacterial components, lead to the influx and/or activation of leukocytes and glial cells. Polymorphonucleocytes and macrophages then produce tissue-damaging substances, such as proteases and oxidants, and trigger several processes (e.g., vasculature changes, cytotoxic/vasogenic edema) contributing to brain damage [26,27].…”

Section: Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology: A Brief Outlinementioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Traumatic Meningitis Is a Diagnostic Challenging Time: A Systematic Review Focusing on Clinical and Pathological Features

Russa

Maiese

Fazio

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Post-traumatic meningitis is a dreadful condition that presents additional challenges, in terms of both diagnosis and management, when compared with community-acquired cases. Post-traumatic meningitis refers to a meningeal infection causally related to a cranio-cerebral trauma, regardless of temporal proximity. The PICO (participants, intervention, control, and outcomes) question was as follows: “Is there an association between traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic meningitis?” The present systematic review was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review (PRISMA) standards. Studies examining post-traumatic meningitis, paying particular attention to victims of traumatic brain injury, were included. Post-traumatic meningitis represents a high mortality disease. Diagnosis may be difficult both because clinical signs are nonspecific and blurred and because of the lack of pathognomonic laboratory markers. Moreover, these markers increase with a rather long latency, thus not allowing a prompt diagnosis, which could improve patients’ outcome. Among all the detectable clinical signs, the appearance of cranial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage (manifesting as rhinorrhea or otorrhea) should always arouse suspicion of meningitis. On one hand, microbiological exams on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which represent the gold standard for the diagnosis, require days to get reliable results. On the other hand, radiological exams, especially CT of the brain, could represent an alternative for early diagnosis. An update on these issues is certainly of interest to focus on possible predictors of survival and useful tools for prompt diagnosis.

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The Clinicians Who Recognized Meningitis

Wijdicks

2020

Neurocrit Care

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The History and Current Relevance of the Eponymous Signs of Meningitis

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

History of the Concept of Tuberculous Meningitis

History of the Concept of Tuberculous Meningitis

Post-Traumatic Meningitis Is a Diagnostic Challenging Time: A Systematic Review Focusing on Clinical and Pathological Features

The Clinicians Who Recognized Meningitis

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