The History and Horizons of Microscale Neural Interfaces

Kozai, Takashi D. Y.

doi:10.3390/mi9090445

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…This type of analysis may ultimately allow for a more careful selection of appropriate anesthetic agents. Additionally, these differences may provide insight into how perturbed network activity contributes to altered brain states during unconsciousness or as a result of neurological disorders (Kozai 2018).…”

Section: Differential Effects Of Isoflurane and Ketamine On Laminar Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoflurane and ketamine differentially influence spontaneous and evoked laminar electrophysiology in mouse V1

Michelson

Kozai

2018

Journal of Neurophysiology

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General anesthesia is ubiquitous in research and medicine, yet although the molecular mechanisms of anesthetics are well characterized, their ultimate influence on cortical electrophysiology remains unclear. Moreover, the influence that different anesthetics have on sensory cortices at neuronal and ensemble scales is mostly unknown, and represents an important gap in knowledge that has widespread relevance for neural sciences. To address this knowledge gap, this work explored the effects of isoflurane and ketamine/xylazine, two widely used anesthetic paradigms, on electrophysiological behavior in mouse primary visual cortex. First, multiunit activity and local field potentials were examined to understand how each anesthetic influences spontaneous activity. Then, the inter-laminar relationships between populations of neurons at different cortical depths were studied to assess whether anesthetics influenced resting-state functional connectivity. Lastly, the spatiotemporal dynamics of visually evoked multiunit and local field potentials were examined to determine how each anesthetic alters communication of visual information. We found that isoflurane enhanced the rhythmicity of spontaneous ensemble activity at 10-40 Hz, which coincided with large increases in coherence between layer IV with superficial and deep layers. Ketamine preferentially increased local field potential power from 2-4 Hz, and the largest increases in coherence were observed between superficial and deep layers. Visually evoked responses across layers were diminished under isoflurane, and enhanced under ketamine anesthesia. These findings demonstrate that isoflurane and ketamine anesthesia differentially impact sensory processing in V1.

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Section: Differential Effects Of Isoflurane and Ketamine On Laminar Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoflurane and ketamine differentially influence spontaneous and evoked laminar electrophysiology in mouse V1

Michelson

Kozai

2018

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…Strategies based on microfluidic, microscale and nanoscale technologies provide scalability. They can lead from the long-term and stable neurotransmission simultaneously to many tissue points, to an enhancement of spatial selectivity stimulation, through implantable microelectrode arrays and microscale actuators ( Kozai, 2018 ; Kumar et al, 2020 ). Even more so because conventional electrodes and recording systems are bulky and unsuitable for single cell resolution.…”

Section: Final Remarks and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomedical and Tissue Engineering Strategies to Control Foreign Body Reaction to Invasive Neural Electrodes

Gori

Vadalà

Giannitelli

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Neural-interfaced prostheses aim to restore sensorimotor limb functions in amputees. They rely on bidirectional neural interfaces, which represent the communication bridge between nervous system and neuroprosthetic device by controlling its movements and evoking sensory feedback. Compared to extraneural electrodes (i.e., epineural and perineural implants), intraneural electrodes, implanted within peripheral nerves, have higher selectivity and specificity of neural signal recording and nerve stimulation. However, being implanted in the nerve, their main limitation is represented by the significant inflammatory response that the body mounts around the probe, known as Foreign Body Reaction (FBR), which may hinder their rapid clinical translation. Furthermore, the mechanical mismatch between the consistency of the device and the surrounding neural tissue may contribute to exacerbate the inflammatory state. The FBR is a non-specific reaction of the host immune system to a foreign material. It is characterized by an early inflammatory phase eventually leading to the formation of a fibrotic capsule around intraneural interfaces, which increases the electrical impedance over time and reduces the chronic interface biocompatibility and functionality. Thus, the future in the reduction and control of the FBR relies on innovative biomedical strategies for the fabrication of next-generation neural interfaces, such as the development of more suitable designs of the device with smaller size, appropriate stiffness and novel conductive and biomimetic coatings for improving their long-term stability and performance. Here, we present and critically discuss the latest biomedical approaches from material chemistry and tissue engineering for controlling and mitigating the FBR in chronic neural implants.

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“…As a less invasive option, we can distinguish the use of OECTs on surface arrays showing the possibility to detect small-amplitude and local biosignals with a higher S/N ratio in comparison to flexible electrodes [ 107 ]. A step further has been their use in implantable in-depth probes, which could shorten the way toward clinical assays [ 143 , 144 , 145 ].…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Electrochemical Transistors (OECTs) Toward Flexible and Wearable Bioelectronics

2020

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Organic electronics have emerged as a fascinating area of research and technology in the past two decades and are anticipated to replace classic inorganic semiconductors in many applications. Research on organic light-emitting diodes, organic photovoltaics, and organic thin-film transistors is already in an advanced stage, and the derived devices are commercially available. A more recent case is the organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), whose core component is a conductive polymer in contact with ions and solvent molecules of an electrolyte, thus allowing it to simultaneously regulate electron and ion transport. OECTs are very effective in ion-to-electron transduction and sensor signal amplification. The use of synthetically tunable, biocompatible, and depositable organic materials in OECTs makes them specially interesting for biological applications and printable devices. In this review, we provide an overview of the history of OECTs, their physical characterization, and their operation mechanism. We analyze OECT performance improvements obtained by geometry design and active material selection (i.e., conductive polymers and small molecules) and conclude with their broad range of applications from biological sensors to wearable devices.

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The History and Horizons of Microscale Neural Interfaces

Cited by 19 publications

References 164 publications

Isoflurane and ketamine differentially influence spontaneous and evoked laminar electrophysiology in mouse V1

Isoflurane and ketamine differentially influence spontaneous and evoked laminar electrophysiology in mouse V1

Biomedical and Tissue Engineering Strategies to Control Foreign Body Reaction to Invasive Neural Electrodes

Organic Electrochemical Transistors (OECTs) Toward Flexible and Wearable Bioelectronics

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