The History and Palaeoclimatic Significance of Subfossil Remains of Pinus Sylvestris in Blanket Peats From Scotland

Bridge, MC; Haggart, B. Andrew; Lowe, John J.

doi:10.2307/2261038

Cited by 106 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Remains of trees, subfossil wood, are occasionally encountered in peat bogs (Lundqvist 1969, McNally and Doyle 1984, Ward et al 1987, Bridge et al 1990, Pilcher et al 1995, Grudd et al 2000. Subfossil pine was found in several peat bogs in the studied area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Climatic influence on Scots pine growth on dry and wet soils in the central Scandinavian mountains, interpreted from tree-ring width

Linderholm

2001

Silva Fenn.

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Tree rings are one of the most important proxy data sources for reconstructing past climate variability. In order to understand climate variability, it is necessary to get a spatial and temporal coverage of climate information. Summer temperatures mainly infl uence tree growth at the altitudinal tree line, while at lower altitudes additional factors affect growth. In addition, the nature of soil where trees grow may affect growth response to climate. To decide climate as well as growth-substrate infl uences on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) growing below the tree line, two tree-ring width chronologies, sampled at dry mineral soil and wet peat soil in a mountain valley in the central Scandinavian Mountains, were analysed for climate responses and spectral signals. Temperatures during growth season (May-August) showed the strongest infl uence on tree growth at both sites. Infl uence of precipitation in the growing season was low, indicating suffi cient amounts of available water during growth. However, at the dry-soil site the infl uence of late winter/early spring precipitation was signifi cant. Strength of the climate-tree-growth relationship at the dry site was similar to that of trees growing at the present tree line, while weaker at the wet site. Both site chronologies exhibited common spectral peaks at c. 3.5 and 13 years indicating a common growth forcing at those time scales. The wet-site chronology displayed low-frequency variations with a 19-year periodicity, where growth peaks coincided with the lunar tidal maxima indicating a possible infl uence of lunar forcing. At the dry-site, multi-decadal fl uctuations displayed a periodicity of 66 years. Both 13-and 66-year periods can be linked to variations in sea surface temperatures of the North Atlantic Ocean, pointing to a maritime infl uence, on decadal scales, of pine growth in the area. These results suggest that Scots pine in this environment may be regarded as proxies of North Atlantic Ocean coupled climatic variability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Climatic influence on Scots pine growth on dry and wet soils in the central Scandinavian mountains, interpreted from tree-ring width

Linderholm

2001

Silva Fenn.

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“…Our knowledge of subsequent climatic change in Scotland is derived from various types of proxy evidence, such as pollen assemblages, plant macrofossils and testate amoebae in peat bogs and lake sediments, tree remains in peat and peat humification data (e.g. Dubois & Ferguson, 1985;Bridge et al, 1990;Huntley & Prentice, 1993;Birks, 1996;Anderson, 1998;Anderson et al, 1998;Huntley, 1999;Tisdall, 2003;Whittington & Edwards, 2003;Ballantyne, 2004), supplemented by historical records and instrumental data for the past few centuries. There is widespread acceptance that apart from a short-lived cooling event that affected NW Europe at around 8.2 kyr (Klitgaard-Kristensen et al, 1998), much of the early Holocene was characterized by relatively warm summers (the 'climatic optimum') punctuated by periods of increased wetness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

After the Ice: Holocene Geomorphic Activity in the Scottish Highlands

Ballantyne

2008

Scottish Geographical Journal

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A rich variety of processes have modified the glacial landscape of the Scottish Highlands since the last glaciers disappeared 11,500 years ago. Many of these processes can be described as paraglacial (glacially-conditioned): retreat of glacier ice has resulted in exposure of metastable sediment sources (rock slopes, drift-mantled slopes and valley-floor glacigenic deposits) that have been reworked over a range of timescales. Much of the reworked sediment has been deposited in paraglacial sediment stores (talus accumulations, debris cones, alluvial fans, valley fills, river terraces and deltas). The trajectory of paraglacial sediment transfer can be approximated by an exhaustion model. A corollary of this model is that all sediment stores eventually undergo a change from net accumulation to net erosion, reflecting the non-renewable nature of sediment sources. This concept helps to explain why most talus accumulations, debris cones and alluvial fans in the Highlands are now relict, and why many floodplains appear to have experienced an initial period of aggradation followed by later river incision and terrace development. Since deglaciation, rock slopes have experienced paraglacial stress release due to differential deglacial unloading. Many rock slopes have remained stable or experienced gradual adjustment through intermittent rockfall. At over 600 sites, however, large-scale rock-slope failure has occurred, either in the form of catastrophic failure with complete or arrested debris runout, or as major slope deformations. Modification of drift-mantled slopes has been dominated by rainstorm-generated debris flows activity, which have stripped sediment from slopes and redeposited it in debris cones. Radiocarbon dating of buried organic horizons shows that debris flows have occurred intermittently throughout the Holocene. Snow avalanches have played only a localized role in paraglacial sediment transfer. The Holocene alluvial history of the Highlands is poorly understood. Some alluvial fans formed during a few exceptional flood events, and there is evidence that postglacial floodplain aggradation peaked in the late Holocene and was succeeded by floodplain incision and terrace development, possibly reflecting upstream reduction in paraglacial sediment supply. Other processes have operated independently of glacial conditioning. The effects of wind action are dominant in the coastal zone, forming dunefields through aeolian reworking of beach sand, and on plateaux in the form of deflation surfaces and sand sheets. Extensive erosion of plateau-top sands and aeolisols occurred in the period AD 1550-1700, a period of exceptional storminess. Small-scale periglacial processes have also been active on high ground throughout the Holocene, including granular weathering of exposed rock surfaces, the development of small-scale frost-sorted patterned ground on unvegetated terrain, and slow downslope movement of solifluction sheets, solifluction lobes and ploughing boulders.

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“…Many regions can be seen to be divided into layers with fossil remains belonging to different climates. Thus, in the Arctic region there are layers that contain tree pollen (Bridge et al, 1990) from trees characteristic of north temperate climates and that cannot survive in colder conditions (Peteet et al, 1998). This suggests that Arctic conditions were warmer for some time before becoming colder again.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversidad y distribución de los Gasterópodos Opistobranquios del Océano Atlántico. Un enfoque biogeográfico global

Garcı́a¹,

Bertsch²

2009

Sci. Mar.

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The History and Palaeoclimatic Significance of Subfossil Remains of Pinus Sylvestris in Blanket Peats From Scotland

Cited by 106 publications

References 17 publications

Climatic influence on Scots pine growth on dry and wet soils in the central Scandinavian mountains, interpreted from tree-ring width

Climatic influence on Scots pine growth on dry and wet soils in the central Scandinavian mountains, interpreted from tree-ring width

After the Ice: Holocene Geomorphic Activity in the Scottish Highlands

Diversidad y distribución de los Gasterópodos Opistobranquios del Océano Atlántico. Un enfoque biogeográfico global

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